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  Natural Immunity

Natural Immunity:

The non specific immunity exists from birth is termed as innate immunity or natural immunity. It guards the body against any foreign invaders and does not display any specificity. It is as well functionally matured in a new born. It does not turns into more proficient after subsequent exposures to similar organism.

Components (Cell types) involved in immunity:

The cells of the immune system involve leukocytes that are also termed as white blood cells (WBC). They get developed from the bone marrow stem cells and provide rise to two families of white blood cells that are

1. Myeloid cells (named after bone marrow) and
2. Lymphoid cells that take their name from the lymphatic system.

Myeloid cells involve:

1. Basophils,
2. Eosinophils and
3. Neutrophils.

The monocytes give rise to macrophages while enter into the tissue space from blood circulation. Likewise, Basophil is transformed to mast cells. The lymphoid cells involve T and B lymphocytes that get their maturation in dissimilar lymphoid organs. B-cell maturation begins in the liver (fetal) and carries on within the bone marrow like maturation progresses (adult) and T cells complete their maturation in the thymus.

Mechanisms involved in Natural immunity:

Skin barrier:
The skin covers and guards the body like a barrier to avoid invading pathogens. Intact skin avoids the penetration of most pathogens, through secreting lactic acid and fatty acids that lower the skin pH.

Mechanical barriers:
Mucous membranes creates the external layer in which body is not covered with skin and it plays a significant role in the prevention of pathogen entrance through traping them. Movement of the mucociliary process in the upper respiratory tract, the cilia in the eyelids work as escalators to eliminate the pathogens.

Secretions:
Sweat comprises antibacterial substances and tears consist of lysozyme. Mucous secretion in nose avoids the dust and microorganism entry into the respiratory tract. Saliva consists of lysozyme, thiocyante and lactoferrin. The HCl acid secreted in the stomach kills the microbes.

 

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