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  ATP as high energy compound

ATP as high energy compound:

ATP is the most extensively distributed high-energy compound in the human body. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a helpful free-energy currency since the dephosphorylation reaction or hydrolysis; yield not generally large amount of energy; that is it releases a large amount of free energy. “High energy” bonds are frequently presented through the “~” symbol (squiggle), with ~P presenting a phosphate group along with a high free energy on hydrolysis. After that the terminal phosphate group is transferred through hydrolysis to another compound, a process known as phosphorylation, producing ADP, phosphorylated new compound and energy. So, the dephosphorylation reaction of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate is frequently coupled with non spontaneous reactions. Usually, ATP is connected to another reaction—a process known as coupling that means the two reactions take place at similar time and at similar place, generally utilizing similar enzyme complex. Release of phosphate from ATP is exothermic (a reaction which gives off heat) and this reaction is connected to an endothermic reaction (needs energy input in order to take place). The free energy yielded can be coupled to endothermic reaction and helpful for the works like:

Chemical work:
ATP energy is used up to synthesize macromolecules which build up the cell.

Transport work:
ATP energy is used to pump substances across the plasma membrane.

Mechanical work:
ATP gives energy to contract the muscles of the body.

Some time the phosphate group can be transmitted to an acceptor molecule and such type of group transfer potential are related with some high energy compound. So, ATP work as a common intermediate which serves like a vehicle for transfer of chemical energy.

 

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