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  Structure of ATP

Structure of ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate that is abbreviated as ATP is a complex molecule which consists of the nucleoside adenosine, ribose and a tail containing three phosphates.

1011_structure of ATP.jpg


                                                        Diagram: Adenosine triphosphate

The bond is termed as a “high-energy” bond and is displayed in the above diagram by a wavy line. The bond among the first and the second phosphate is as well “high-energy” bond.

Free energy of hydrolysis of ATP:

ATP + H2O →  ADP + PI + energy released

? G0 = - 7,300 calories/ mol = - 7.3 Kcal/mol = - 30.5 kj/mol (?G0 measured at 370 c)

ATP is occasionally considered to like a “High Energy” compound. High energy in this case does not consider to total energy in compound, rather just only to energy of hydrolysis. So ATP has a larger negative DG for hydrolysis.

For biochemistry High Energy is described in terms of ATP: if a free energy of compound for hydrolysis is equivalent to or greater as compared to ATP’s then it is “High Energy,” if the free energy of hydrolysis is less than ATP’s after that it is not a “high energy” compound.

Note: ATP comprises two high energy anhydride bonds (AMP ~P~P). DG of ATP hydrolysis as well depends upon the local environments it changes with pH, ionic strength, divalent metal ion concentration, and Consumption of ATP. An EATP of -7.3 kcal /mol needs ATP, ADP, and phosphate to be available at equal concentrations. In cells, though the concentration of ATP is frequently 5 to 10 times that of ADP.

The result, the free energy of ATP hydrolysis is approximately -12 kcal /mol. One has to be clear that the bond energy usually meant by physical chemist is the energy needed to break a covalent bond among two atoms. Because comparatively a large amount of energy is needed to break a covalent bond, the phosphate bond energy is completely a different one.

Phosphate bond energy particularly denotes the variations in the free energy of the reactants while phosphorylated compound goes through hydrolysis.

 

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