Introduction:
Oligosaccharides symbolize second class of carbohydrates that comprises of few (2 to 10) monosaccharide units or residues attached by characteristics linkages known as glycosidic bonds. Oligosaccharides can be diasaccharides when they have only two units of monosaccharides, trisaccharides when they have three units of simple sugars, tetrasaccharides when they have four units of simple sugars, pentasaccharides, hexassacharides or heptasaccharides. The most significant Oligosaccharides are diasaccharides that have two units of simple sugars.
Chemistry of oligosaccharides:
All common Oligosaccharides contain names ending with suffix - ose. In cells, many Oligosaccharides containing three or more units don't occur as free entities but are attached to non-sugar molecules (lipids or protein) in glycocojugates. Oligosaccharides are mainly involved in two different kinds of linkages O -glycosidic linkage and N-Glycosidic linkage.
O-glycosidic linkage is more common in joining monosaccharides unit together while N-glycosidic linkage generally links Oligosaccharides with other glycoconjugates such as protein and nucleic acid. O-glycosidic bonds joining monosaccharide units in Oligosaccharides can either be α or β configuration. These configurations rely on position of-OH group of anomeric carbon atom involved in linkage. When- OH group from anomeric carbon atom involved in glycosidic linkage is below plane, then it is known as alpha-O-glycosidic linkage and when it is above plane it is known as beta - Oglycosidic linkage. While writing name of Oligosaccharides, it is significant to specify two carbon atoms joined by glycosidic linkage in parentheses, with arrow connecting two numbers for e.g. (1 4) shows that C - 1 of first named sugar residue is joined to C - 4 of the second.
Kinds of oligosaccharides:
Various kinds of diasaccharides do exist and differences in the diasaccharides are based on kind of monosaccharides units contained in them. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates classified by simple sugars they have. This kind of saccharide polymer is situated in amino acid side chains often found within vegetables ranging from onions to artichokes and jicama. They are classified by their sweet taste and exclusive mouth feel. These carbohydrates are the source of controversy in nutritional community as they cause both good and bad reactions within human digestive system.
Maltose:
Maltose links two glucose units by α(1→4) glycosidic linkage, lactose (milk sugar) involves glucose and galactose bonded by a β1-4 glycosidic linkage, and sucrose (common table sugar) comprises of glucose and fructose joined by the glycosidic bond between carbon atom 1 of glucose unit and carbon atom 2 of fructose unit.
Lactose:
Lactose has D - galactose and D - glucose units. Lactose happens naturally only in milk. Anomeric carbon of glucose is available for oxidation and therefore lactose is the reducing disaccharide. It is abbreviated as Gal (b1 - 4) Glc.
Sucrose:
Table sugar is sucrose and is diasaccharides of glucose and fructose. It is created by plants but not by higher animals. On the contrary to maltose and lactose, sucrose has no free anomeric carbon atom. Anomeric units of both diasaccharides are involved in glycosidic linkage. Sucrose is thus not reducing sugar. In abbreviated nomenclature for sucrose, double headed arrows in parenthesis are utilized instead of single headed arrow, as in lactose and maltose, this is only to point to that it is 2 anomeric carbons which are involved in glycosidic bond.
Trehalose:
Trehalose, Glc (α1↔1α) Glc is diasaccharide having two glucose units joined by alpha 1 -1 glycosidic bond. Similar to sucrose, trehalose is non reducing diasaccharide (sugar). It is main constituent of circulating fluid (heamolymph) in insects where it serves in energy storage.
Properties of oligosaccharides (disaccharides):
Tutorsglobe: A way to secure high grade in your curriculum (Online Tutoring)
Expand your confidence, grow study skills and improve your grades.
Since 2009, Tutorsglobe has proactively helped millions of students to get better grades in school, college or university and score well in competitive tests with live, one-on-one online tutoring.
Using an advanced developed tutoring system providing little or no wait time, the students are connected on-demand with a tutor at www.tutorsglobe.com. Students work one-on-one, in real-time with a tutor, communicating and studying using a virtual whiteboard technology. Scientific and mathematical notation, symbols, geometric figures, graphing and freehand drawing can be rendered quickly and easily in the advanced whiteboard.
Free to know our price and packages for online biology tutoring. Chat with us or submit request at [email protected]
tutorsglobe.com cardiac cycle assignment help-homework help by online circulation tutors
www.tutorsglobe.com offers Requirement Analysis Principles homework help, assignment help, case study, writing homework help, online tutoring assistance by computer science tutors.
Batch costing is employed in which units of a product are manufactured in batches and employed in the assembly of the finishing product.
www.tutorsglobe.com offers computational geometry homework help, computational geometry assignment help, online tutoring assistance, maths solutions by online qualified tutor’s help.
www.tutorsglobe.com offers substituted benzene homework help, substituted benzene assignment help, online tutoring assistance, organic chemistry solutions by online qualified tutor's help.
tutorsglobe.com assumptions of marginal productivity theory assignment help-homework help by online marginal productivity theory of distribution tutors
tutorsglobe.com cerebral cortex assignment help-homework help by online the brain tutors
tutorsglobe.com valence bond theory assignment help-homework help by online theories of coordination compounds tutors
www.tutorsglobe.com offers logic homework help, logic assignment help, online tutoring assistance, maths solutions by online qualified tutor’s help.
satellites can be categorized through their functions. satellites are launched into space to perform a particular task.
tutorsglobe.com philosophy of religion assignment help-homework help by online humanities tutors
tutorsglobe.com demand assignment help-homework help by online demand and supply tutors
tutorsglobe.com properties of chromium assignment help-homework help by online occurrence and principles of extraction of chromium tutors
Nutrient Cycles tutorial all along with the key concepts of Nutrient cycling in nature, Carbon Cycle, Oxygen Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle and Water Cycle
tutorsglobe.com taxonomy and phylogeny assignment help-homework help by online systematics tutors
1948139
Questions Asked
3689
Tutors
1453173
Questions Answered
Start Excelling in your courses, Ask an Expert and get answers for your homework and assignments!!