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define bootstrap loaderthe rom portion of main memory is required for storing an initial program known as bootstrap loader it is a program whose
what is romread only memory rom is used for storing programs that are permanently resident in the computer and for tables of constants that do not
differentiate between static and dynamic memorythe static ram is simpler to use and has shorter read and write cycles one of the main applications of
what is random access memoryram or main memory and mention its typesthe main memory in the central storage unit in a computer system it is relatively
define memory management systemthe part of the computer system that supervises the flow of information among auxiliary memory and main memory is
define multi programmingmany operating systems are designed to enable the cpu to process a number of independent programs concurrently this concept
define cache memorya special very high speed memory known as a cache is sometimes used to increase the speed of processing by making current programs
define main memory and auxiliary memorythe memory unit that communicates directly with the cpu is known as main memory ramdevices that give backup
define protocolit is a set of rules that are followed by interconnecting computers and terminals to make sure the orderly transfer of
define modema modem changes digital signals into audio tones to be transmitted over telephone lines and also changes audio tones from the lines in
define dmathe transfer of data among a fast storage device such as magnetic disk and memory if often limited by the speed of the cpu removing the cpu
define polling a polling process is used to recognize the highest priority source by software means in this process there is one common branch
what is priority interruptit is a system that establishes a priority over the several resources to determined which condition are to be serviced
define programmed ioit is the result of input and output instructions written in the computer program every data item transfer is initiated by an
what start bit and stop bitthe first bit known as the start bit is always a zero and it is used to show the beginning of the characterthe last bit is
what is asynchronous transmissionan asynchronous transmission technique used in many interactive terminals employ special bits with this method each
what is synchronous transmissionin synchronous transmission the two units share a common frequency and bits are transmitted continuously at the rate
what is time out mechanismif one unit is faulty the data transfer will not be done such an error can be detected using time out mechanism which makes
what is the disadvantage of strobe methodthe drawbacks of strobe method are that the source unit that show the transfer has no way of knowing
define handshakinghandshaking is a method commonly used to accompany ever data item being transfer with the control signal that show the presence of
what is strobeasynchronous data are transfer among two independent unit needs that control signals to be transmitted among the communicating units to
what is referred as memory mapped iothe case in computers that employ only set of read and write signals and do not differentiate between memory and
what is the use of isolated io configuration in isolated io configuration the cpu has distinct input and output instructions and each of these
what is the purpose of iopthe purpose of iop is to given an independent path way for transfer of information among external and internal
what is the use of status command data output command and data input commanda status command is used to test a variety of status conditions in the