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thymus -it is derived from the endoderm of the embryostructure the thymus gland is located in the upper part of the thorax near the heart it is a
pineal gland epiphysis cerebri -it develops from the ectoderm of the embryothe pineal gland is located between the cerebral hemispheres where it
disorders of the pancreas -i diabetes mellitus hypoinsulinismthe insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus iddm is caused by a failure of the beta-cells to
functions -a it is antagonistic to glucagon insulin decreases the level of glucose in the blood it acts by increasing the rate at which glucose is
hormones of pancreas and their role - i glucagon secreted by a-cellsit stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucoseglucagon is
adrenal medullathe adrenal medulla develops from the neuroectoderm of the embryomedulla consists of chromaffin cells or phaeochromocytes these cells
disorders of the adrenal cortex -i addisons disease this disease is caused by the deficiency of mineralocorticoids and
hormones cortical steroids corticoids-hormones of adrenal cortex are grouped into three catagories mineralocorticoids glucocorticoids and
parathyroid disorders -i hypoparathyroidism deficiency of pth it causes the lowering of blood calcium level this increases the excitability of nerves
hormone the chief cells of the parathyroids secrete a hormone called parathyroid hormone pth or parathormone or also called collips hormone after the
thyroid disorders -a hyperthyroidism hypersecretion of thyroid hormonegraves disease or basedows disease or parrys disease or exophthalmic goitre it
hormones the thyroid gland secretes following hormonesthyroxine tetraiodothyronine or t4 and tri-iodothyronine or t3 are secreted by the thyroid
pituitary disorders -a pituitary dwarfism it is caused by the deficiency of growth hormones gh from childhood it is characterised by small but well
a hormones of the anterior lobe -the anterioriobe of the pituitary gland secretes the following hormones most of them are trophic hormonesi
hypothalamus -hypothalamus develops from the ectoderm of the embryolocation and structure it lies below or inferior to the thalamus the hypothalamus
characteristics of hormones -1 they are regulatory chemicals that control and coordinate functions of different body organs2
types of hormones -i releasing and inhibitory hormones - hormones of hypothalamus and kidney renin which control secretion of trophic hormonesii
introduction -endocrinology - study of endocrine glands hormones and their effectsthomas addison - father of endocrinology described hormonal disease
artificial kidney -dialysis employs the process of diffusion across a semipermeable membrane to remove unwanted ureadialysis is of 2 types -1
transplant procedure -operation is done under general anaesthesia duration 3-4 hrscut is given in the lower abdomen donars kidney is transplanted
kidney renal failure - rf -partial or total inability of kidney to carry excretory functions is called rfit leads to uremia excess of urea in blood
functions of kidney -1 excretion of nitrogenous wastes2 maintenance of water balance or
disease concerned with kidney -1 pagets disease - abnormalities of kidney2 uramia - increases in quantity of
control of excretion -1 in brain hypothalamus is osmocentre that controls minerals2 cells of dct amp
mechanism of urine formation -production of urine is uripoisis or diuresis first of all it was explained by kushneynephron separates acidic urine