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types of stress caused by freezingthus freezing can cause the following kinds of stresses lowering of temperature to suboptimum thus reducing the
response to cold - responses of plants to stresslet us first see what happen to a plant when it is exposed to a cold climate with temperatures below
heat-shock responsewhen growing plantlets or tissues of plants are shifted to 42degc and above the synthesis of normal proteins rapidly declines and
response to heavy metal stress several heavy metals emanating from industrial mining and sewage disposal operations contaminate the environment
osmotic adjustment or osmoregulation - osmotic stressif concentration of soluble matter in the form of minerals and small organic molecules builds up
light stress in chloroplastsas mentioned earlier very high light intensity can inhibit photosynthesis due to accumulation of excess of excitation
photosynthesis - responses of plants to stressphotosynthesis is also inhibited due to low water potential in the leaves the leaf water potential is
water stress - responses of plants to stresswater stress in a plant can result from drought excess salinity in the soil and very low or high
plant responses to specific stress conditionsby now you must have developed a feeling that plants are organised to function optimally under a set of
use of alternate metabolic pathwaysplants surviving under water-logged conditions offer the simplest example of such a response the submerged parts
long-term responses - behaviour of plantsplants alter their course of development to suit the prevailing environmental conditions for example leaf
quick transient responses - behaviour of plantssuch responses are stimulated by factors showing significant variations over relatively small time
morphological changesaquatic plants produce different kinds of leaves and produce aerenchyma tissues with air gaps where there be a need to do so
quantitative changesthe quantitative changes in the availability of the active biomolecules occur in order to compensate for the loss of efficiency
qualitative changesthe qualitative changes in the structure of proteins in response to stress can lead to the following resistance against
changes in the conformation of molecules - qualitative changesyou may recall that linear chain of amino acids of a protein folds into a
ways to adapt to stressnow that you know the nature of stress let us see what type of strategies plants have acquired to adapt to stress you know
symbiotic interaction - biological stresspresence of symbiotic microorganism can result in differential growth stimulation of those plants which can
parasites - biological stressmany insects and microorganisms can feed upon tissues and saps of living plants hence plants must be protected against
population density - biological stressyou are aware of what might follow an uncontrolled growth of human population there will be competition for
biological stresssince in nature the various organisms do not live in complete isolation from others stress to a plant species might also be caused
chemical stress - atmospheric imbalancesat least two components of the environment oxygen and carbon dioxide that plants require are predominantly in
chemical stress - mineral compositionthe living systems make use of several mineral ions that they might have encountered at the very origin or
chemical stress - nature of the solutesthe acidic or basic reaction of soil and water of a particular habitat reflects its geochemical history
chemical stresssurvival of cells is dependent on carrying out of a set of chemical reactions metabolic reactions in a particular order this results