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autumn fall overturnin autumn or early winter the air temperature falls resulting in the cooling of the surface waters when the surface water cools
spring overturn - overturnin spring and early summer season the increased solar radiation melts the ice cover which as it attains a temperature of
overturn - thermal stratificationthe summer or winter stratification is seasonal circulation of lake water occurs twice a year in the spring and
winter stratification - thermal stratificationduring extremes of winter the surface layer of the lake freezes or attains a temperature close to 0deg
hypolimnion - summer stratificationthis zone forms the bottom layer which is deep cold and non- circulating the hypolimnion is generally rich in
metalimnion - summer stratificationthis zone lies below the epilimnion and above the hypolimnion and thus forms the intermediate layer which is
epilimnion - summer stratificationthis forms the upper layer of the lake and consists of freely- circulating warm water which is well lighted though
summer stratification - thermal stratificationthermal stratification is fairly pronounced during the summer seasons in most lakes of the temperate
thermal stratification - lake ecosystemshallow lakes show no thermal stratification as their waters are well mixed resulting in uniform temperature
characteristics of lake ecosystemsthe environment of static waters of lakes and ponds sharply contrasts with those of lotic ecosystems light
wetlands - lentic ecosystems wetlands are permanently or periodically water covered areas they can be defined as submerged or saturated lands either
impoundments - lentic ecosystems we have so far discussed natural lakes in addition to these there are a number of lakes both small and large
lakes - lentic ecosystems most lakes occur in regions which have recently been subjected to geological changes say within the past 20000 years
lentic ecosystems lakes are inland depressions containing standing water they vary considerably in area and depth the largest lake in the world the
classification of freshwater ecosystemsfresh water ecosystems depend on the terrestrial ecosystems for large quantities of organic and inorganic
oxygen - aquatic ecosystemoxygen is found in waters in dissolved form it enters the aquatic ecosystem through the air water interface and by the
dissolved oxygen - aquatic habitatsoxygen in the terrestrial ecosystems occurs in the atmosphere along with other gases in a certain fixed
temperature - aquatic habitatsthe water temperature changes less rapidly than the temperature of air because water has a considerably higher specific
transparency - aquatic habitatstransparency affects the extent of light penetration it is indirectly related to turbidity suspended particulate
sunlight - aquatic habitatssunlight is a major limiting factor for water bodies since light rapidly diminishes as it passes down the column of water
factors limiting the productivity of aquatic habitatssunlight and oxygen are the two most important limiting factors of the aquatic ecosystems this
benthos - aquatic ecosystemthe benthos or the benthic organisms are those found living in or on the bottom or benthic region of the water mass they
nekton - aquatic ecosystemthis group contains animals which are swimmers the nektons are relatively large and powerful as they have to overcome the
plankton - aquatic ecosystemthis group includes both microscopic plants phytoplankton and animals zooplankton found in all aquatic ecosystems except
periphyton - aquatic ecosystemthese are organisms which remain attached or clinging to stems and leaves of rooted plants or substances emerging above