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cardiomyoplasty this is a procedure wherein the latissimus dorsi muscle is wrapped around the heart and stimulated to contract synchronously with it
aortic valve repair in acquired ar associated with vsd and prolapse of a cusp repair is often successful vsd is closed and at the same time the
for patients with end-stage heart failure cardiac transplantation has become a promising therapy especially with the advent of immunosuppressive
this innovative pacemaker-based approach to the treatment of patients with heart failure who have a wide qrs complex gt140 ms on 12-lead ecg aims at
indications for emergency surgery in ar1 post balloon valvotomy ar with haemodynamic compromise2 acute thrombosis of prosthetic valve not responding
when underlying coronary artery disease is the cause of heart failure in the coronary revascularization may both improve symptoms and prevent
patients with aborted sudden death hemodynamically unstable ventricular arrhythmias and unexplained cardiogenic syncope are at high risk for fatal
patients with heart failure have a high incidence of both symptomatic and asymptomatic arrhythmiasabout 10 per cent of patients have syncope or
indications1 symptomatic patient with normal lv function ejection fraction 2 05 at rest if they are in class in or iv nyha surgery is recommended in
in patients with left ventricular failure and reduced ejection fractions the risk of lv thrombus formation and systemic arterial embolization
calcium antagonists are not recommended for the treatment of chf because of their negative inotropic effects however second-generation
catecholamines increase activation of ca2 via beta-adrenergic receptors and the adenyl cyclase systemdopamine has both alpha and beta and
phosphodiesterase inhibitors and other agentsamrinone and milrinone are prototypes of type iii pde inhibitors they decrease the breakdown of cyclic
symptoms of digitalis toxicity include anorexia nausea headache blurring or yellowing of vision and disorientation cardiac toxicity may take the form
amiodarone quinidine propafenone and verapamil may increase digoxin levels up to 100 per cent it is prudent to measure a blood level after 7-14 days
chronic aortic regurgitation several factors have to be taken into account before recommending surgery these include severity of symptoms and lv
arrhythmias especially in presence of hypokalemia lack of mortality benefit however their efficacy in reducing the symptoms of heart failure has been
chronic aortic regurgitation the aetiological factors leading to aortic regurgitation are 1 rheumatic 2 annulo aortic ectasia 3 native valve
the digitalis glycosides are the only orally active positive inotropic agents currently available the positive inotropic occurs through inhibition of
all currently available inotropic agents act to increase ca2 for activation in both normal and failing myocardium hurst the use of inotropic agents
acute aortic regurgitation the most dramatic presentation occurs in dissection of the aortic root endocarditis of the native or prosthetic
hydralazine is a potent arteriolar dilator and markedly increases cardiac output in patients with congestive heart failure however as a single agent
reversible airways obstructive disease advanced heart block or episodic decompensation vasodilatorsagents that dilate arteriolar smooth muscle and
beta-blockers have traditionally been considered contraindicated in patients with heart failure because they may block the compensatory actions of