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classic repair linear repair the operation is done under cardio pulmonary bypass through median sternotomy if additional cabg is required
indications for surgery 95 per cent of ventricular aneurysms occur after transmural myocardial infarction trauma chagas disease sarcoidosis and
explain what happens when the cell membrane or plasma membrane ruptures or breaks downans when cell membrane ruptures ions leek out and unless
explain how the slides and specimens used as instructional resources ans they act as an identifier so that we can judge them
explain what is tooth formula ans formulae of tooth is 2 1 3
explain what is the optimum temperature for catalysesans for any chemical reaction the reaction rate enhances with temperature so the higher the
partial pericardiectomy the approach can be either by a left anterolateral thoracotomy or median sternotomy for pyogenic pericarditis with
pericardial window through left antero lateral thoracotomy a small left antero lateral thoracotomy is done through the 5 intercostal space a
sub xyphoid pericardial window it could be done under local or general anaesthesia a small vertical midline incision is made over the xyphoid
prevention of endocardial infection by the use of antimicrobial agents although desirable is not always possible by identifying the patients at
pericardiocentesis this is usually done by the cardiologist it is better done with ecg and haemodynamic monitoring subxyphoid route is preferred
relapse of infective endocarditis usually occurs within two months of the discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy the relapse rate for patients with
cardiac surgical intervention has an increasingly important role in the treatment of intracardiac complications of endocarditis retrospective data
extra cranial masintrathoracic or intra-abdominal mas are often asymptomatic until leakage or rupture occurs most extracranial mas ecmas will rupture
the reported occurrence of icmas is 12 per cent to 5 per cent of cases streptococci and saureus account for 50 per cent and 10 per cent of cases
they result from septic embolization of vegetations to the arterial vasa vasorum or the intraluminal space with subsequent spread of infection
splenic infarction is a common complication of left-sided ie 40 per cent of cases only 5 per cent of patients with splenic infarction will develop
occur in 10 per cent to 40 per cent of all native-valve ie and complicates aortic ie more commonly than mitral or tricuspid ie periannular infection
systemic embolization occurs in 22 per cent to 50 per cent of cases of ie emboli often involve major arterial beds including lungs coronary arteries
pericardial effusion indications for surgery pericardial effusion may be the result of peiicarditis due to infection autoimmune disease or
in native-valve ie acute chf occurs more frequently in aortic-valve infections 29 per cent than with mitral 20 per cent or tricuspid disease 8 per
within a week after initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy almost 75 per cent of patients with ie including those with pve are afebrile and 90
special studies to diagnose ie caused by fastidious bacteria and other organisms must be performed serological studies thereafter unless clinical or
two major objectives must be achieved to treat ie effectively the infecting micro-organism in the vegetation must be eradicated also invasive
results pericardiectomy used to have a mortality of 10-15 per cent in the earlier era at present it is around 3 to 5 per cent and does not