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median sternotomy approach the preferred approach these days is through a median sternotomy pericardiectoiny proceeds in the same way as done
urine analysis - microhematuria with or without proteinuria may be seenecg - all patients with suspected ie should have baseline and follow up ecg
echocardiographic evaluation should be performed in all patients with clinically suspected ie including those with negative blood cultures not
in patients who have not received prior antibiotics and who will ultimately have blood culture positive endocarditis it is likely that 95 - 100 per
bull blood cultures are critical in the diagnosis and management of ie bull obtain blood cultures before starting antimicrobial therapy whenever
left antero lateral thoracotomy approach arterial and central venous pressure monitoring lines are placed a left antero lateral thoracotomy is
major criteria1 positive blood culturebull typical microorganism for infective endocarditis from two separate blood cultures viridans streptococci
a definitive infective endocarditis1 pathological criteriabull micro organism demonstrated by culture or histology in a vegetation or in a
indications for surgery once diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis is made and confirmed by chest x-ray ecg echocardiogram ct mri scan cardiac
the symptoms and signs of endocarditis are often constitutional and when localized often result from a complication of ie rather than reflect the
chf complicating ie is primarily the result of valve destruction or distortion or rupture of chordae tendinae intracardiac fistulas myocarditis or
constrictive pericarditis it is usually the end stage of inflammatory process involving pericardium in developing world infection with
neurological symptoms and signs occur in 30 to 40 per cent of patients with ie are more frequent when ie is caused by s aureus and are associated
oslers nodes are small tender subcutaneous nodules that develop in the pulp of the digits or occasionally more proximally in the fingers and persist
types of surgery pulmonary valve replacement using pulmonary or aortic allograft is the procedure of choice it increases rv ejection fraction
indications for surgery patients usually present with fatigue dyspnoea and ventricular arrhythmias if they have additional tricuspid regurgitation
the clinical manifestations of ie result from the local destructive effects of intracardiac infection the embolization of bland or septic
the interactions between the human host and selected microorganisms that culminate in ie involve the vascular endothelium hemostatic mechanisms the
blotting method to detect particular one proteinsans western
candida albicans and aspergillus species are the most common of the many fungal organisms identified as causing ie fungal endocarditis arises in
name the reserve food materials in pheophyceaeans reserve food materials in pheophyceae are laminarin and
organisms of the so-called hacek group haemophilus actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cardiobacterium hominis eikenella species kingella kingae
results in critical pulmonary stenosis in infancy surgical mortality is 6 per cent for children and adults with isolated pulmonary valve
viridans streptococcithese streptococci which cause 30 to 65 per cent of nve case unrelated to drug abuse are normal inhabitants of the oropharynx