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open pulmonary valvotonzy infundibular resection and trans annular patch the pulmonary annulus may be narrow based on pre-operative
the risk of pve is greatest during the initial 6 months after valve surgery particularly during the initial 5 to 6 weeks and thereafter declines to a
the risk for ie among iv drug abusers 2 to 5 per cent per patient- year is estimated to be several fold greater than that of patients with rheumatic
rheumatic heart disease was the predisposing cardiac lesion for ie in 20 to 25 per cent in patients with rheumatic heart disease endocarditis occurs
mitral valve prolapse mvp has emerged as a prominent predisposing structural cardiac abnormality and in adults accounts for 7 to 30 per cent of nve
pulmonary valvotomy with infundibular resection infundibular obstruction in cases of pulmonary valvar stenosis could be primary or secondary 11
among neonates ie typically involves the tricuspid valve of structurally normal hearts and is associated with very high mortality rates it is
endocarditis usually occurrs more frequently in men gender derived ratios range from 16 to 25 the age specific incidence of endocarditis increased
pulmonary valvotomy on cardio pulmonary bypass and use of cardioplegia single aortic cannulation and separate svc and ivc cannulation arc done
infective endocarditis ie is a microbial infection of the endothelial surface of the heart the characteristic lesion the vegetation is a variably
despite improvements in health care the incidence of infective endocarditis has not decreased over the past decades infective endocarditis is lethal
inspiration decreases the pressure in the central veins and thus increases the pressure gradient between the peripheral and central veins thus
pulmonary valvotomy on cardio pulmonary bypass patient is connected to cardio pulmonary bypass using ascending aortic cannula and single 01-
the heart is the muscular pump that pushes blood through the circulatory system each heartbeat can be felt as an arterial pulse the heart valves when
myocardial contractility is mostly dependent on the level of sympathetic nerve activity and is also increased by circulating catecholamines and
the oxidation of substrates like free fatty acids ffa glucose lactate and ketone bodies results in the energy of adenosine triphosphate atp and
the fundamental contractile unit is the sarcomere each muscle cell apart from the nucleus mitochondria and other structures contains parallel fibrils
open pulmonary valvotomy open pulmonary valvotomy by technique of inflow occlusion is done without cardio pulmonary bypass surface hypothermia
sucrose is commonly used to preserve fruits why not glucoseans glucose is reactive due to its open-chain form having an aldehyde
how to calculate protein percentage in lowry methodans by verification of optical density by coloimetric
quantification of pulmonary stenosis quantification by echoby valve areamild gt 15
indications for surgery congenital pulmonic stenosis is the most common lesion requiring relief very rarely it could be due to rheumatic
pulmonary stenosis the obstruction may be valvar infundibular or supra
indications for surgery in a mixed lesion either regurgitation or stenosis may be dominant and decision of surgery depends on the haemodynarnics
mixed tricuspid stenosis and regurgitation rheumatic involvement of the tricuspid valve is often seen in association with involvement of mitral