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Why doesn't calcium sulfate behave like accelerator for portland cement as calcium chloride? Why isn't sodium chloride as effective as calcium chloride?
In their composition and mechanism of action, how do the super plasticizers differ from the normal water-reducing admixtures?
Some manufacturers claim that application of water-reducing admixtures can lower. Explain why all three benefits may not be available at the same time.
After reviewing the ASTM C 618 and C 989 Standard Specifications and other published literature, write a critical note comparing the two standards.
Why are plasticizing admixtures called water reducing? What is distinction between normal and high-range water-reducing admixtures according to ASTM Standard?
Explain the terms sphericity, flat particles, and angular particles. Explain how the surface texture of fine aggregate may influence the properties of concrete.
What considerations control the choice of the maximum aggregate size of aggregate in a concrete? Discuss the reason why grading limits are specified.
If the dry-rodded unit weight of an aggregate is 105 lb/ft3 (1680 kg/m3 ) and its specific gravity is 2.65, determine the void content.
List any three characteristics of concrete aggregate and discuss their influence on both the properties of fresh concrete and hardened concrete.
How are aggregates made from expandable clays, fly ash, and blast-furnace slag? What are some of the interesting characteristics of the products?
In a brief note to your superiors, discuss the equipment needed, deleterious constituents to be avoided, and the cost economy of using the crushed concrete.
What do you know about the following rocks and minerals: dolomite, gray wacke, flint, opal, plagioclase, smectites, and marcasite?
Compare the thermal performance and throughput of that system to the batch and continuous-flow systems of this chapter.
Design a simple feedback system that controls both temperatures, and determine how the fluid-temperature response time compares with what is achieved.
Design a silicon cantilever with a 2 µm thick ZnO film on it and electrodes above and below the ZnO film such that an applied voltage can result in free end.
Determine the actuation method and, using the modeling methods you have learned, estimate the expected performance.
Estimate the self heating of the Xducer assuming that the Xducer has the same dimensions. How does this error compare with the published offset drift?
Identify the system partitioning used, the device concept, and key details that affect either the package design or the choice of device fabrication technology.
What is the root mean-square amplitude of the fluctuation of the position of the proof mass?
is concrete the most widely used engineering material? Compared to steel, what are the engineering benefits of using concrete for structures?
What is the significance of elastic limit in structural design? Discuss the significance of drying shrinkage, thermal shrinkage, and creep in concrete.
What is the significance of the microstructure of a material? How do you define microstructure?
How many types of voids are present in a hydrated cement paste? What are their typical dimensions?
Also calculate the water-cement ratio needed to obtain zero porosity in a fully hydrated cement paste.
How the microstructure of hydration products in the aggregate-cement paste interfacial transition zone is different from the bulk cement paste in concrete.