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Define the key aspects of "Western Civilization" and discuss the different ways historians might understand the term.
100 mL of an aqueous solution containing 0.0004 mM n-nonane is placed. What fraction of n-nonane is present at the air-water interface in this system?
If the final pH of the aqueous solution is 8, what is the mass of ammonia in the gas phase at equilibrium?
If the atmospheric ozone concentration in a polluted air is 100 ppbv, what is the concentration in equilibrium with a body of water in that region at 298 K?
Compute the standard enthalpy change for this reaction assuming that it is constant in the temperature range. What is the entropy change at 600 K?
Wetlands can be useful in phytoremediation of contaminants through uptake of pollutants by plants. Evaluate the fraction of pollutants in the plants.
For the reaction H2S(g) ? H2S (aq), the enthalpy of dissolution is -19.2 kJ/mol at 298 K. By how much will the equilibrium constant of the reaction change?
Consider a 0.1 mole fraction of ammonia solution in water at 298 K. Obtain the activity and activity coefficient of water in the solution.
If the partial pressure of O2 is 0.21 atm, what is the equilibrium ratio of partial pressures of SO3 to SO2 at 298 K?
Compute the free energy required to transfer 1 mol of pure water from ocean to lake. Assume a constant temperature of 298 K.
What is the Henry's constant at 25oC? The melting point of phenanthrene is 100.5oC.
Consider a spill of the mixture in a poorly ventilated laboratory. What is the gas-phase mole fraction of benzene in the room? Use Raoult's law.
If the partition constant was estimated to be 13 P/kg, what is the original contaminant loading on the soil?
The Henry's constant for methyl mercury at 0oC is 0.15 and at 25oC is 0.31. Estimate the enthalpy of dissolution of gaseous methyl mercury in water.
Which compartment will have the highest fraction of D4? Use the fugacity level I model.
Obtain the standard free energy change for the reaction at 298 K. What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 298 K?
What is the concentration of nitrogen in the blood serum of a diver who came up from 200 ft below sea level?
What is the fraction accumulated by the biota in the lake? Use the fugacity level I model.
If the temperature is 298 K, and the density of sediment is 1200 kg/m3, determine the mass fraction of benzene in air using the fugacity level I model.
Give that µ0 = -386 kJ/mol for carbon dioxide on molality scale, calculate standard chemical potential for carbon dioxide on mole fraction and molarity scale.
The total volume of the solution is 100 mL and has a density of 0.95 g/cm3. What is the molality of benzene in solution?
Estimate the maximum work obtainable from the above reaction under standard conditions.
Compute what pressure is required to boil water at 393 K? The heat of vaporization of water is 40.6 kJ/mol.
If the temperature is raised to 318 K, by how much will the equilibrium constant of the reaction increase?
Its solubility in water at room temperature has been measured to be 32 mg/L. Calculate the activity coefficient of naphthalene in water.