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Calculate the minimum work necessary to increase the area of the surface of water in a beaker from 0.001 to 0.005 m2 at 298 K.
Soils are considered to have capillary size pores. Calculate the capillary rise of water in soil pores of diameters 100, 1000, and 10,000µm.
What will be the standard free energy change if the temperature is decreased to 278 K? Is the reaction more or less favorable at this temperature?
Super cooled water at -3oC is frozen at atmospheric pressure. Calculate the maximum work for this process.
The pressure of the gas is increased from 2 to 4 atm while maintaining a constant volume of tank. What is the total internal energy change during the process?
The electrical work is done on the system to heat the nitrogen gas. Find the final temperature of the gas in the tank. Cp for nitrogen is 1.039 kJ/kg K.
Calculate the heat of vaporization of water at 298 K given its value at 393 K is 2.26 × 106 J/kg.
An ideal gas is subjected to a change in pressure from 2 to 20 atm at a constant temperature of 323 K. Calculate the change in chemical potential for the gas.
Examine at least two (2) of the primary methods that African-Americans in the early twentieth century used in order to overcome the policies of segregation.
Assume that a mass concrete structure should not have a temperature difference greater. Determine the maximum temperature of fresh concrete to avoid cracking.
Can you estimate the creep of the same concrete at 28 days under a compressive load of 11 MPa and exposed to 50 percent R.H.?
Compute the energy release rate for the double cantilever beam when loaded by end moments.
A series of experiments on identical specimens of Maxwell material were performed. Discuss the implications of results in practical applications.
Is the compressive strength going to increase? What about the elastic modulus? Please justify your answer.
Assume that the freezing was done carefully and, therefore, did not generated micro cracks. Which concrete will have a higher elastic modulus?
What is roller-compacted concrete? Define mass concrete. What type of cements and admixtures are used for making mass concrete mixtures?
Discuss the two principal problems in radiation shielding. What are the benefits of using concrete as a shielding material?
What do you understand by the terms polymer concrete, latex-modified concrete, and polymer-impregnated concrete?
What is the principal advantage of using fiber-reinforced concrete? Explain how the concrete acquires this property.
What changes may have to be made in the mix proportions for flowing concrete?
In high-rise buildings, what are the advantages of constructing shear walls and columns with high-strength concrete?
In spite of the cellular structure of aggregate, lightweight concretes show less micro cracking and excellent durability. Why?
Describe the difference between X-ray radiography and X-ray tomography. What type of problems will that generate?
Determine the thickness of delamination in a concrete pavement. Devise a scheme to determine the location of a crack using acoustic emission.
What will be the consequences of such inhomogeneities in the selection of the wave frequency to be used for a nondestructive test on concrete?