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What is the concept of four wave mixing? describe. Describe briefly the characteristics of optical materials.
ompute the refractive indices of the core and the cladding materials of an optical fibre whose NA = 0.35 and Δ = 0.01.
What are the direct band gap and indirect band gap semiconductors? What do you mean by absorption, spontaneous emission and stimulated emission in a two level energy system?
What do you mean by Noise? List and describe different kinds of noises encountered in an optical communication link?
Write down the advantages of using code division multiplexing.
Describe the working principle of DFB laser diodes with appropriate diagram?
Differentiate between RZ and NRZ modulation format. Write down the difference between loose and tight buffer fibers in terms of operation?
Write brief note on optical modulators and their applications. Explain the impact of chirping on modulator performance?
Extrinsic (OH-) absorption peaks define three regions or windows of preferred operation. Write down the three windows of operation?
Explain the modulation response of laser for small-signal modulation. Derive an expression for signal-to-noise ratio in APDs.
Explain principle of MSM photo detectors in detail. Write down the importance of Q factor and how is it related to BER.
Describe the SPM and XPM effect in optical fibers. Derive an expression for receiver sensitivity of an APD.
Write down the difference between material and waveguide dispersion? Explain the principle of operation of laser?
What are the causes of dispersion in single mode fibers? Describe each of them in detail.
Describe briefly modal noise in optical communication. Write down the advantages and disadvantage of APD (Avalanche Photodiodes) based optical receivers.
Describe leaky-capacitor concept in Vidicon in detail. Describe luminance and chrominance signals.
Write down the advantage of VSB modulator. What do you mean by the resolving power of a camera tube?
Explain the basic principle of automatic gain control and illustrate how it is applied to tube and transistor amplifier.
Write down the principle of operation of a monochrome camera tube. Sketch the block diagram of V.H.F Tuner.
Describe the working principle of water sealed spirometer set up to measure slow lung – volume changes.
Distinguish between active and passive transducers. Draw the action potential waveform and label an amplitude and time values.
Describe electrode skin interface with its equivalent electrical circuit. Describe the X-ray technique of radiography with diagram.
Describe sphygmomanometer with working principle and circuit. Describe the terms: TIDAL volume, LUNG COMPLIANCE.
Describe the working of cardiac pacemakers with its block diagram, working and different pacing modes of operation.
Describe the selection criteria for transducers. What are different physiological effects of electric current?