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manufacturing methods of ceramicsthe ceramics manufacturing consists in shaping along with or without pressure and firing to consolidate the simplest
alumina-silica composite this composite is an especially usual refractory material due to easy availability and low cost aluminia-silica composite
a sketch the variation of electron concentration with temperature fori an n-type semiconductor doped with 1021 donors m-3ii an
sialonsmixture of silicon nitride aluminium nitride and alumina is hot pressed to acquire a product largely called as sialon in the resulting product
carbon and graphiteboth are excellent refractory materials but with good grace oxidize and thus are used merely either in neutral or reducing
nitrides silicides and sulfidesnitrides contain very high melting point but initiate to oxidize at low temperature they have poor resistance also to
boridesborides of mo w cr ti and zr find extensive industrial application they exhibit extremely high hardness melting point from 1800 to 3000oc and
carbidescarbides of titanium zirconium boron and silicon are significant refractory materials though the carbides have extremely high melting points
draw a graph illustrating how resistivity varies with temperature for an intrinsic semiconductorb gallium nitride gan has an energy gap of 336 ev at
oxidesthese comprise alumina magnesia thoria beryllia and zirconia other oxides that are utilized sparingly due to high cost comprise hafnia ceria
refractory materialsthese materials are made up of engineering ceramics that are quite expensive in their pure forms such materials are also
refractorinessthe capability of a material to withstand the action of heat devoid of appreciable deformation of softening is submitted to as
ceramicsceramics are mostly inorganic crystalline materials characterized by high melting point and low ductility such materials are processed via
objectivesafter studying this section you should be capable to known properties that are essential to be present in a material for high temperature
ceramics refractory and abrasive materialsintroductionthere are some situations in practice where high temperatures are occupied besides creating
ceramic toolsaluminium oxide or al2o3 is pressed and sintered in a powder metallurgy method in various shapes of cutting edges that are fastened to
cermetssuch are the variation of cemented carbides while the carbides of w and ti are solidified in the softer matrix of co and nickel to get high
cemented carbidethese are minute pieces along with cutting edges and mechanically jointed or brazed to tool shank this carbide tool tips are
stellitethis is an alloy of co as 40-60 cr as 25-35 w as 4-25 and c as 1-3 this is a cast alloy comprising c w and cr in cobalt matrix its major
alloys for cutting tools apart from tool steels illustrated in further unit alloys that comprise wholly non-ferrous elements have been enhanced
other bearing materialsan extensively hard wood of great density termed as lignum vitae has been employed for bearing applications along with water
copper-lead alloyscopper-lead alloys having a large percentage of lead have determined a considerable employ as bearing material lately straight
bearing materialsgenerally it can be said as a good bearing material must posse following characteristics as it must be strong enough to sustain
consider the point-to-point radio link introduced in problem 9 by how much must transmit power be increased to maintain the maximum ber of 10-5 if
bearing bronzesthis is the copper-tin alloys along with small additions of another constitution beneath conditions of heavy load and conditions of