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what are aquiferswater bearing underground geologic formations the subsurface formations are composed of soils and rocks with voids saturated with
explain the rippl diagram or mass diagramfor a potable water reservoir it is the simultaneous plots of the cumulative inflow and cumulative water
equalization basins - hydraulic systemfor influent flow to publicly owned treatment works potws flow rates may be excessive for short or long
define the reservoirs - hydraulic systemtypically designed for multiple functions - clean water supply creating recreational opportunities and flood
parallel pipe systems or multipath pipeline problemstwo or more sections of piping branches of different diameters lengths andor pipe materials
total dynamic head tdh y-axis plot point related to each x-axis flow rate along the system curve plottdh ha tsh hf v22g v2
explain the system curves - pumping systemnon-linear plot beginning on the y-axis at the total static head tsh and plotted primarily based on the
define the types of pump performance curvestwo types of pump performance curves x-axis flow rate y-axis head tdhcharacteristic curvesprovided by
define the net positive suction head all values in the equations are in units of feet note only use values related to the suction side of the
primary effluent wastewater at 60of v 1217 x 10-5 is pumped to the top of a trickling filter tf a total of 75 vertical feet through schedule-40
steps to determine the brake bhp and motor horsepower mhp 1 determine water horsepower whpha qgpm sg 3956 or ha qcfs sg 88142 apply the pump
explain brake and electrical horsepowerbrake horsepower bhp whppump efficiencyelectrical or motor horsepower ehp or mhp bhpmotor efficiencyfriction
define the pump and motor efficienciesequations account for the loss of power primarily due to mechanical friction as a result of rotating components
steps to determine the hydraulic horsepower whp for pump problems 1 determine ha by rearranging the bernoulli equation 2 apply ha into the
explain the critical depthdc is the depth of flow in an open channel that has the lowest energy in rectangular open channels dc3 q2gw2in
explain subcritical flow and supercritical flowsubcritical flow the depth of flow is greater than critical depth and the velocity of the fluid is
explain the critical flowcritical flow occurs where the flow depth is at the critical depth one location in an open channel is where the flow is
what is froude numberused to determine if the flow is rapid critical or tranquil fr 1 critical flow fr lt 1 subcritical flow fr gt 1
define the alternate depthsin open channels two alternate depths of flow have the same energy for the same flow rate as shown in the figure the
define the equations for a contracted rectangular weirif the rectangular weir is a contracted weir and the flow is restricted from passing freely
explain the equation for a suppressed rectangular weir if the approach velocity is negligible velocity head can be excluded and the equation becomes
explain the suppressed rectangular weirif the length of the weir b equals the width of the channel ie the flow is not
explain the contracted rectangular weirweir plate has sides which extend above the maximum water surface directing the flow through an opening b
define the rectangular weirssometimes referred to as sharp crested weirs if the top edge of the weir plate is
define the approach velocitytypical problems have negligible approach velocity v1 qa where a the cross-sectional area of flow in the channel