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Water at a temperature of 77°C is to be evaporated slowly in a vessel. The water is in a low pressure container which is surrounded by steam.
Water flowing at 2 kg/s through a 40-mm-diameter tube is to be heated from 25 to 75°C by maintaining the tube surface temperature at 100°C.
How to choose the circuit current direction ? what is the conditon of generator working regime and consumer working regime of an electrical source.
Water flows through a thick-walled tube with an inner diameter of 12 mm and a length of 8 m. The tube is immersed in a well-stirred, hot reaction tank
When a molten metal is cast in a mold that is a poor conductor, the dominant resistance to heat flow is within the mold wall.
Wearing layers of clothing in cold weather is often recommended because dead-air spaces between the layers keep the body warm
Water is heated by submerging 50-mm diameter, thin-walled copper tubes in a tank and passing hot combustion gases (Tg = 750 K) through the tubes
Water at a flow rate of m = 0.215 kg/s is cooled from 70°C to 30°C by passing it through a thin-walled tube of diameter D = 50 mm and maintaining a coolant
Water at a temperature of T8 = 25°C flows over one of the surfaces of a steel wall (AISI 1010) whose temperature is Ts,1 = 40°C
Two large steel plates at temperatures of 90° and 70°C are separated by a steel rod 0.3 m long and 2.5 cm in diameter. The rod is welded to each plate.
Two long copper rods of diameter D = 10 mm are soldered together end to end, with solder having a melting point of 650°e.
Two parallel pipelines spaced 0.5 m apart are buried in soil having a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W/m · K. The pipes have outer diameters of 100 and 75 mm
Upper and lower surfaces of a bus bar are convectively cooled by air at T8 with hu h1. The sides are cooled by maintaining contact with heat sinks at To
Unique characteristics of biologically active materials such as fruits, vegetables, and other products require special care in handling.
Ultra-pure hydrogen is required in applications ranging from the manufacturing of semiconductors to powering fuel cells.
Two stainless steel plates 10 mm thick are subjected to a contact pressure of I bar under vacuum conditions for which there is an overall temperature drop
Velocity and temperature profiles for laminar flow in a tube of radius ro = 10 mm have the form u (r) = 0.1 [1 - (r/ro)2] T(r) = 344.8 + 75.0(r/ro)2
To cool a summer home without using a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, air is routed through a plastic pipe (k = 0.15 W/m · K, Di = 0.15 m, Do = 0.17 m)
To enhance heat transfer from a silicon chip of width W = 4 mm on a side, a copper pin fin is brazed to the surface of the chip
To reduce the threat of predators, the sand grouse, a bird of Kenya, will lay its eggs in locations well removed from sources of groundwater
Turbine blades mounted to a rotating disc in a gas turbine engine are exposed to a gas stream that is at T8 = 1200°C and maintains a convection coefficient
Thin-walled aluminum tubes of diameter D = 10 mm are used in the condenser of an air conditioner. Under normal operating conditions, a convection coefficient
To assess the efficacy of different liquids for cooling an object of given size and shape by forced convection it is convenient to introduce figure of merit
To determine air velocity changes, it is proposed to measure the electric current required to maintain a platinum wire of 0.5-mm diameter at a constant
The thermocouple (TC) installation on a snowmobile engine cylinder head is shown in the schematic. The TC wire leads are attached to the upper and lower surface