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Carnot's theorem (S. Carnot): The theorem that states that no engine operating between the two temperatures can be more proficient than a reversible engine.
Candela: The basic SI unit of luminous intensity stated as the luminous intensity in a given direction of a source which emits monochromatic photons of frequency 540 x 1012 Hz and encompasses a radian
Brownian motion - The continuous random motion of a solid microscopic particle whenever suspended in a fluid medium due to the effect of ongoing bombardment by molecules and atoms.
Brewster's law (D. Brewster) - The extent or level of the polarization of light reflected from a transparent surface is maximum whenever the reflected ray is at right angle to the refracted ray. &nbs
Bragg's law - Whenever a beam of x-rays strikes a crystal surface in which the layers of ions or atoms are often separated, the maximum intensity of the reflected ray takes place when the complement o
Brackett series (Brackett) - The series (or sequence) that explains the emission spectrum of hydrogen whenever the electron is jumping to fourth orbital. All of the lines are in the infrared segment o
Boyle's law (R. Boyle; 1662); Mariotte's law (E. Mariotte; 1676) - The product result of the volume and pressure of an ideal gas at constant (steady) temperature is constant.
Boltzmann constant: k (L. Boltzmann) - The constant that explains the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature for molecules in an ideal gas. This is equivalent to the 1.380 622 x 10-23 J/K
Bohr magneton (N. Bohr) - This is the quantum of magnetic moment. Bohr radius (N. Bohr) - The distance equivalent to the mean distance of an electron from the nucleus in the ground state of hydrogen
Bode's law: Titius-Bode law - The mathematical formula that generates, with a fair quantity of accuracy, the semi major axes of the planets in out of order from the Sun. Write down the progression 0,
Explain laws of black-hole dynamics or First law of black hole dynamics and Second law of black hole dynamics? First law of black hole dynamics: For interactions among black ho
What is Blackbody radiation - The radiation - that is the radiance at specific frequencies all across the spectrum -- generated by a blackbody -- which is, a perfect radiator and absorber of
Biot-Savart law (J.B. Biot, F. Savart) - The law which explains the contributions to the magnetic field by an electric current. This is analogous to the Coulomb's law. Mathematically: dB = (mu0 I)/(4
BCS theory - The theory put forth to elucidate both superconductivity and super fluidity. This suggests that in the superconducting (or super fluid) state electrons form Cooper pairs, where two e
Bell's inequality (J.S. Bell; 1964) - The quantum mechanical theorem that explains that if the quantum mechanics were to rely on the hidden variables, it should have non-local properties. &nb
Bernoulli's equation - In an ir-rotational fluid, the sum of static pressure, the weight of the fluid per unit mass times the height and half of the density times the velocity squared is steady a
Becquerel: Bq (after A.H. Becquerel, 1852-1908) - The derived SI unit of the activity stated as the activity of radionuclide decay at a rate, on the average, of one nuclear transition every 1 s; it he
Beauty criterion (Dirac) - The idea that more aesthetically pleasing a theory is the superior it is. In nature this criterion does not stand up to the actual test -- whether or not forecasts of a give
Baryon decay -The idea expected by several grand-unified theories, those classes of subatomic particles termed as baryons (of which the nucleons -- neutrons and protons -- are members) are not eventua
Balmer series (J. Balmer; 1885): An equation that explains the emission spectrum of hydrogen whenever an electron is jumping to the next orbital; four of the lines are in visible spectrum, and the rem
Avogadro's hypothesis (Count A. Avogadro; 1811): Equivalent volumes of all gases at similar temperature and pressure contain equivalent numbers of molecules. This is, in fact, true only for the ideal
Avogadro constant: L; NA (Count A. Avogadro; 1811) The total number of items in a sample of a substance that is equivalent to the number of molecules or atoms in a sample of an ideal gas that is at cu
Atwood's machine: The weight-and-pulley system devised to compute the acceleration due to gravity at Earth's surface by computing the total acceleration of a set of weights of identified mass abo
What is Archimedes' principle? A body which is submerged in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equivalent in magnitude to the weight of the fluid which is displaced, and directed upward all alo
What is Arago spot? The bright spot which appears in the shadow of a consistent disc being backlit by monochromatic light originating from a point source.