Plasmids and Isolation of gene

Plasmids:

A plasmid is a circular DNA with around 200-300 nucleotides. It is present in bacterial cells alongside their major chromosomes. A plasmid at times can leave from one bacterial cell and enter the other, via, conjugation and thus transfer genetic traits to the recipient cell. The plasmid DNA within a bacterium can duplicate independently of the main DNA and can leave from main genome dragging a piece of main DNA all along with it. It is termed as the bacterial DNA. A plasmid can sometimes fuse with the major DNA. Therefore the plasmid seems to be a proficient gene exchanging vehicle that the nature has formed.

Isolation of gene
:

In recombinant DNA technology, limitation endonucleases cut the DNA double helix in very specific way. They recognize particular base sequences on DNA. They cut each strand of DNA at a specified place. These enzymes identify specific DNA sequences that are termed as palindrome sequences. A palindrome refers to a base sequence which read the identical on the two strands though in opposite directions. For illustration if the base sequence on one strand in GAATTC read in 5’-3’ direction, the sequence on the opposite (i.e., complementary) strand is CTTAAG read in 3’-5’ direction. There is a point of symmetry in the palindrome. In the illustration given this point is in the center among the AT/TA.

5’ GAATTC 3’
3’ CTTAAG 5’

Illustrations of Restriction enzymes:-

The restriction enzymes cut the DNA molecule about the point of symmetry. The above palindrome series is acknowledged by the restriction enzyme derived from Escherechia coli, termed as EcoR1. It cuts the DNA molecule into distinct fragment with staggered cut ends.

 

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