Pathogenesis

Pathogenesis:

HIV causes deep immune-depression in humans. It is due to the depletion of one kind of WBC that is included in the formation of antibodies termed as CD4 plus T-helper cells (i.e., lymphocytes). In addition other cells like B-lymphocytes and macrophages are destroyed by HIV infection. The infected macrophages serve up as the reservoir of viruses and dissiminate to all tissues in the body. HIV is found alongside blood, in all body fluids like semen, cervical secretion, vaginal secretion, breast milk, pleural fluid, CSF, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid and amniotic fluid. HIV can even demolish the brain cells.

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                                                                    Figure: Viral multiplication

Symptoms:

The following symptoms have been stated by WHO:

1. Weight loss at least 10 percent body weight

2. Chronic diarrhoea for further than a month

3. Extended fever for more than one month

4. Night sweats and constant coughs

5. Opportunistic infections like tuberculosis, oropharyngeal candidiasis (i.e., fungal infection in mouth and throat)

6. Recurring herpes zoster (i.e., viral) infection

7. Meningitis and nerve damage

8. Loss of memory and cleverness

9. An unusual cancer, kaposis sarcoma that generates scattered purplish lesions above the chest and abdomen.

Diagnosis:

ELISA test (i.e., Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) is a susceptible preliminary blood test employed to detect HIV antibodies.

Western Blot is the confirmatory test that is highly particular and depends on particular antibodies to viral core proteins.

 

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