Types of normal flora

Types of normal flora:

The normal flora can be widely categorized into two classes:

(1) The resident flora that consists of relatively fixed kind of micro-organisms regularly found in a given region at given age; when disturbed, it promptly re-establishes itself.

(2)The transient flora:

It comprises of non pathogenic or potentially pathogenic organisms which inhabit the skin or mucous membranes for hours, days or weeks. It is derived from the atmosphere, generally does not generate disease and does not establish permanently. When resident flora is disturbed, transient flora might colonize, proliferate and generate disease.

Normal flora of the mouth and upper respiratory tract:

On birth mucous membranes of mouth and pharynx are sterile. However within 4-12 hours viridans streptococci become established. They perhaps originate in the respiratory tract of mothers and attendants. The organisms form the most well-known resident flora of nasopharynx is as shown.

(1) Any quantity of Diphtheroids, α-hemolytic streptococci, Non pathogenic species of Neisseria, most of the species of anaerobic organisms.

(2) Lesser quantities of Yeasts, Haemophilus species, S.aureus, Gram negative rods, and so on.

 

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