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  Mechanism of urine formation

Mechanism of urine formation:

Urine is constantly formed by each nephron and the procedures included in the formation of urine are as follows:

1. Tubular Reabsorption, Glomerular ultra filtration, Tubular Secretion Glomerular ultra filtration:

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                                                        Figure: Malpighian capsule-Ultra filtration

Ultra filtration of blood occurs in the malpighian body that acts as a biological filter. A malpighian body includes Bowmann’s capsule and glomeruli.

2. Tubular Re-absorption:

This is the second step in urine formation. The glomerular filtrate has many useful substances like amino acids, glucose, mineral salts and vitamins dissolved in large quantity of water. Reabsorption occurs in the uriniferous tubules. Reabsorption of useful substances is a differential or choosy procedure. Substances like glucose, sodium and calcium, are termed as “high threshold substance”. They are actively reabsorbed in considerable amounts. Substances such as urea and uric acid etc that are termed as “low threshold substances” are reabsorbed in small amounts by a simple diffusion procedure or passive reabsorption. Substances such as creatinine are not reabsorbed. They are totally removed.

3. Tubular Secretion:

This is the last step in the formation of urine throughout which the walls of tubule actively eradicate additional waste substances that are injurious to the body from the blood that have fugitive filtration.

 

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