Immunoglobulins

Antibodies - Immunoglobulins:

Immunoglobulins (Igs) are glycoproteins. Each and every molecule of Ig includes two pairs of polypeptide chains of diverse sizes. The smaller chains are termed as ‘light’ (L) chains and the larger ones are termed as ‘heavy’ (H) chains. The L chain has a molecular weight of around 25,000 and the H chains are of 50,000. The L chain is joined to the H chain by a disulphide bond. The two H chains are also attached together by S-S bonds, depending on the group of immunoglobulins. The H chains are structurally and antigenically different for each class and are designated by the Greek letter equivalent to the immunoglobulin class, as follows:

IgG (Gamma) IgA (alpha ) IgM(mu) Igd (delta) and IgE (epsilon)

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                                                          Figure: Immunoglobulin (IgG)

The L chains are alike in all classes of immunoglobulins. They take place in two varieties, kappa (k) and lambda (λ). A molecule of immunoglobulin might have either kappa or lambda chains, though never both.

 

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