Acquired Immunity

Acquired Immunity (Specific immunity):

Acquired immunity, also termed as adaptive or specific immunity, is capable of identifying and selectively removing specific microorganisms. Acquired immunity is found only in vertebrates. It increases the protection given by innate/natural immunity. It is produced in response to an encounter or exposure to the microorganisms in question. Particular defense mechanisms need several days to be activated, following the failure of non-specific defense methods.

Unique features of the Adaptive immunity

(i) Specificity:

It is the capability to distinguish differences among different foreign molecules.

(ii) Diversity:

It can identify a huge variety of foreign molecules.

(iii) Discrimination between Self and Non-self:

It is capable to identify and respond to molecules which are foreign (i.e., non-self) to the body. At similar time, it can avoid response to those molecules which are present in the body (i.e., self antigens) of the given animal.

(iv) Memory:

Whenever immune system encounters a particular foreign agent, example, microbe, for the initial time, it produces an immune response and removes the invader. The immune system retains the memory of this encounter for a prolonged interval. As an outcome, a second encounter with the similar microbe induces a heightened immune response.

 

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