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  Secondary treatment

Secondary treatment:

It is also termed as biological treatment or microbial degradation. By this procedure, 90-95 % of the BOD and numerous pathogens are eliminated. There are numerous means by which BOD can be reduced in secondary treatment. Reduction of BOD is attained via mineralization of small fraction of organic matter and conversion of part to detachable solids. Secondary treatment is completed by numerous methods as explained below:

a) The oxidation pond:

The oxidation pond allows the growth of algal forms on waste water effluent. It is employed for secondary treatment in rural regions or industrial sectors. The organic materials are tainted by heterotrophic bacteria into simpler forms which in turn support the growth of algae. Algae use such nutrients to raise their biomass. Air supplies oxygen for biochemical oxidation of organics. In secondary treatment, organic matter is soothed and the BOD is decreased aerobically and this is termed as the activated sludge procedure. During this treatment, the sewage liquid is aerated energetically and as a result the organic matter is transformed into gases and a very small quantity of this is incorporated into cell biomass. This step relies on microbial activity and therefore it is also termed as biological treatment.

b) The trickling filter:

Aerobic secondary treatment can also be fetched out with a trickling filter. It is a simple sewage treatment device which consists of a bed of crushed stone, slag, gravel, or synthetic materials with drains made at the base of the tank. Therefore the trickling filter has a pile of rocks over which sewage or organic wastes gradually trickle. A rotating sprinkler is suspended over a bed of porous material that distributes the liquid sewage over it, and gathers the effluents at the bottom.

c) The activated sludge process:

It is also one of the broadly employed aerobic treatment systems for waste water in which very energetic aeration of the sewage is completed. The sewage is passed into aeration tank from main settling tank. Sewage is aerated by mechanical stirring. Due to the vigorous aeration of sewage floc-formation takes place. The colloidal and finely suspended matter of sewage form aggregates that are termed as floccules. The flocs are allowed to settle down in secondary settling tank.

 

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