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  Language and Efficiency

Introduction to Language and Efficiency

The need  for efficiency  has guided language  design since the early days of  computing  many of the  languages have  had efficiency as a main design goal either internally or externally. For example  FORTRAN originally was designed for  a specific machine  the  IBM 704. The architecture of the  IBM704 was the  cause  for many restrictions of original FORTRAN, such as the number of array dimensions or the form of expressions used as  array indices. Some important issues related to the efficiency are: 

1. Efficiency Measurement : Efficiency is no  longer  measured only by  the   execution  speed and  space. The effort  required to produce a program or system initially and the effort required in maintenance can also  be viewed as components  of the efficiency  measure.

1. Efficiency as a Combined Quality: Efficiency is often a combined quality of both  the language and  its implementation. The language adversely affects efficiency if it disallows certain optimizations  to be applied by the compilers. So in this  case we  can  give a relationship between the languages and efficiency as:

Language 1/ efficiency (less optimization to be applied in respect by compiler)

The  implementation adversely affects efficiency if it  does not take3  all opportunities  into account in order to  save space and improve speed. So the relation between implementation and  efficiency will be  shown as:

Implementation 1/ efficiency (if less space and low speed)

To understand the given  concepts we consider the following  example,

Example 26. In general a statement like:

A= fun (b) + C1+ fun(b):

It cannot be optimized as:

A= 2* fun (b) +C1:

Which would  presumably be  more efficient since it would call the  function fun just  once. The language feature that allows functions to modify global variable ( like C 1 in the example ) disallows such optimization.

Example 27. As another example the language can affect implementation efficiency by allowing multi threaded concurrent computations. An implementation adversely affects efficiency, if it doesn't memory space after it is released by  the program.

The table6.2, shows a brief scenario for the major qualitites of a programming language and their brief description also.

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