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  Viral Diseases

Viral Diseases:

A. Cancer and Viruses:

Viruses have been recognized as one of the causative agents for tumor or cancer. Such tumor inducing viruses are termed as oncogenic viruses. Adenoviruses, simian virus 40 (SV 40), polioma virus, Epstein-Barr virus (i.e., EBV) (a herpes virus) are oncogenic DNA viruses. The RNA sarcoma viruses are oncogenic RNA viruses (example, Rous sarcoma).

B. Rabies Virus and Rabies disease:

Rabies virus fits into the rhabdovirus family. It is a parasite of domestic and wild mammals. The transmission to humans takes place through the bite of an infected animal. Dogs, bats, cats, are the mammalian animal sources for the rabies virus.

In humans, the symptoms of rabies are high fever, rigorous headache, alternating excitement and depression, muscular spasms in throat and chest, hydrophobia and so on. The incubation time in humans is generally around 3 to 8 weeks though it might also vary. When untreated the mortality rate from rabies is 100 percent. The new rabies vaccine was discovered in the year 1980. It is an inactivated vaccine prepared from the virus transmitted in cultures of diploid human cells. Such vaccine is both safe and extremely immunogenic.

C. Pox virus:

Pox viruses are the biggest of all viruses and are brick shaped. They have double stranded DNA, protein and lipid. They have a dumbell shaped nucleoid enclosed by two membrane layers.

Variola virus is termed as the small pox virus. It is spread by droplet infected by the patient. Small pox is entirely removed. The small pox vaccine consists of vaccinia, closely associated to variola. It gives protection both by humoral and cell mediated immunity.
Other pox viruses are measles viruses, and chicken pox.

D. Hepatitis-B:

Hepatitis B virus (i.e., HBV) is an enveloped virus with twofold stranded DNA. This causes jaundice and hepatic carcinoma. Such disease is deadly and more infective than AIDS. The HBV vaccine consists of purified HBV Ag (i.e., Australian antigen) acquired from the blood serum of in fact healthy carriers.

 

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