Introduction to Binding Scope and Extent
As such most of the programming language provide the concepts of binding scope and extent in much extent. These three are discussed below:
(a) Binding: Binding is a central concepts in the definition of programming language semantics. Programming languages differ:
In the number of entities, like variables routines and statements and,
In the number of attributes to bound to entities.
For example a variable has a name a type a storage area where it value is stored: a routine has a name formal parameters of a certain type, certain parameter passing conventions a statement has associated actions. The value of attributes of all these must be set before they can be used. Setting the value of an attribute is known as binding. For each entity attribute information is continued in a repository called a descriptor . so two aspects related to binding are given below as :
The time at such bindings occur is the binding time and
The stability of the binding is required.
(b) Scope :We discussed earlier the scope in terms of variable name here we will discuss the scope in the generalised form. Scope is basically the range of program instructions over which the variable name is known. It refers to the way in which named entities such as variables labels ,types and procedures are controlled in their ability to have an effect in a program. To be more specific the scope of a name is that part of the program text where all uses of the name are the same.
Why do we incorporate the idea of scope into programming languages at all ? the simplest notion of scope would be that a given identifier X always denotes the same variable and all names of variable are known in all program units. Though the sharing of variables between program units is clearly desirable so too is the ability to name objects such as variables and have them known only within a restricted range of program text. This frees a programmer form remembering all of the previous names which have been used and permits several programmers to contribute pieces of the final program.
Example 36. ALGOL 60 introduced the idea of scope in a very elegant way by typing to the notion of a compound statement. It is exceedingly useful to be able to treat a group of statements as a single statement.
(c) Extent: Extent is the time during execution that the storage used to hold a value is bound to its name. Scope and extent have been recognized as essential issues of programming languages.
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