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  Effect of change of temperature

Effect of change of temperature:

A chemical equilibrium really includes two opposing reactions. One favoring the formation of products and other favoring the formation of reactants. When the forward reaction in a chemical equilibrium is endothermic (i.e., accompanied by absorption of heat) then the reverse reaction is exothermic (i.e., accompanied by evolution of heat).

Let us consider an illustration:

N2O4(g) ↔ 2NO2(g); ΔH = +59.0 kJ/mole

In this equilibrium, the reaction of the product formation (NO2) is endothermic in nature and hence, the reverse reaction of reactant formation (N2O4) must be exothermic. When the above equilibrium reaction mixture is heated then its temperature will be increased. According to Le Chatelier’s principle, the equilibrium will shift in the direction that tends to undo the effect of heat. Hence, the equilibrium will shift towards the formation of NO2 and consequently dissociation of N2O4 raises. Hence, usually, whenever the temperature is increased in a chemical equilibrium, between the forward and reverse reactions, the more endothermic reaction will be favored. Likewise, when the temperature of the equilibrium is reduced i.e., cooled, then the exothermic reaction between the forward and reverse reaction of the equilibrium will be favored.

 

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