Pentose phosphate pathway

Pentose phosphate pathway:

The other procedure of catabolism of glucose exists in both procaryotic and eucaryotic cells enabling synthesis of pentose phosphates and therefore termed as pentose phosphate pathway. It includes some reactions of glycolysis pathway (i.e., shunt of glycolysis) and therefore termed as Hexose monophosphate shunt. As phosphogluconic acid is an intermediate product it is also termed as phosphogluconate pathway. This technique of catabolism of glucose is not a major energy yielding procedure in most microorganisms though gives reducing power NADPH2 needed for biosynthetic reactions and pentose phosphates such as ribose phosphates for the nucleotide synthesis. It is also a procedure of obtaining energy from 5 carbon sugars. Entner-Doudoroff pathway, the other procedure of glucose catabolism, is found in aerobic and anerobic procaryotes and not in eucaryotes is common among Gram-negative bacteria. The eventual product is pyruvic acid that is catabolized via TCA cycle.

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Figure: Metabolites made from pyruvic acid

Pyruvic acid is the key intermediate for most of the metabolites formed by both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. In aerobic organisms pyruvic acid is totally oxidized to CO2 deriving its whole energy via TCA cycle while in anaerobic organisms this is decreased to ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, lactic acid,  butyl alcohol, and so forth.

 

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