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  Microbes and diseases

Microbes and diseases:

The reality that bacteria are the causative agent of various diseases was experimentally confirmed by Pasteur. As Pasteur resolved the problem of wine industry in France, the French Government asked him to investigate the pebrine disease of silkworm. After struggle for many years he isolated the causative agent of pebrine, a protozoan parasite of silkworm. He recommended that the disease could be removed by using healthy, disease free silk worms only.

A disease termed as “Wool sorters” disease was general among people who worked with sheep and wool. This was also termed as anthrax disease that affected cattle, sheep and at times man. Pasteur isolated the bacterium Bacillus anthracis from the blood of animals which had died out of this disease and grew them in laboratory. At similar time in Germany Robert Koch (1843-1910), a physician discovered the bacilli in blood of cattle died out of anthrax. He isolated the organism, grows it in the laboratory and made sure that only one type of bacteria was present (i.e., pure culture). He injected this bacterium to the other healthy animals and formed the disease artificially.

He re-isolated the bacterium from the blood of experimentally infected animals that was identical to the ones originally isolated.  This experiments led to the development of Kochís postulates that is followed even to-day with a newly isolated pathogen to establish its pathogenicity. Robert Koch generated smear preparation and staining with dyes to raise clear observation under microscope. He also developed solid media by using gelatin first and later agar to obtain isolated colonies in culture plates. He discovered the bacteria which causes pulmonary tuberculosis.

Pasteur was enduring his work on infectious diseases and isolated the chicken cholera bacterium in pure culture. He arranged for a public explanation to prove his success and inoculated healthy chicken with pure culture. Though the chicken failed to grow sickness.  Tracing the events of his experiment Pasteur found that he had accidentally employed cultures numerous weeks old and not the fresh culture. He repeats the experiments after sometime and inoculated a fresh culture to newer fresh healthy chicken and also to the chicken inoculated in the prior explanation.

 

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