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  Life cycle of Trypanosomes

Life cycle of Trypanosomes:

Trypomastigotes are ingested through reduviid bug (i.e., triatomids, kissing bugs) as it takes a blood meal. The trypomastigotes convert into epimastigotes and multiply in the posterior part of the midgut. After 8 to 10 days, metacyclic trypomastigotes are passed in the faeces. Humans contract Chagas’ disease whenever the reduviid bug defecates while taking a blood meal and metacyclic trypomastigotes in the faeces are rubbed or scratched into the bite wound or mucosal surfaces. In human, T. cruzei can be found in two forms, amastigotes and trypomastigotes. The trypomastigote is the phase present in the blood that infects host cell. The amastigote form multiplies in the cell, ultimately destroying the cell and both amastigotes and trypomastigotes are liberated into the blood.

Clinical aspects of Chagas’ disease:

The severity of infection based upon the virulence of the strain of T. cruzi and host factor like age and the capability to mount an immune defense. During the primary six months of infection the clinical manifestation is harsh and is termed to an acute phase. The patient suffers from fever, extension of the lymphatic glands, liver, and spleen, and harm to the heart. Children are principally susceptible.

The acute phase leads to chronic infection in which extension of heart is viewed. There is mechanical harm to the heart muscle cells. Progressive destruction leads to heart failure and death. Since of the destruction of the neurons of nervous system supplying the intestinal tract, mega colon builds up.

Epidemiology:

Chagas’ disease is a zoonosis taking place all through the American continent, comprising Central and South American continent.

 

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