Life cycle and transmission

Life cycle and transmission:

The adult fluke lives in the intrahepatic part of the bile duct system. They lay unembryonated eggs that take around 14 days to mature after they have been passed with the feces into an appropriate water atmosphere. Whenever maturation is complete the operculum opens and the miracidium is liberated. F. hepatica miracidium seeks an appropriate snail host. In molluscan tissue, it undergoes the usual trematode asexual reproductive procedure. The biological stage is completed in around 40 days with the discharge of the tadpolelike cercariae. The second intermediate host is not a host in the conventional logic as it does not include metacercarial development in crab, fish, or other animal tissues.

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Figure: Life cycle of Fasciola hepatica

Rather, the Fasciola cercaria joins itself to an aquatic plant or crawls onto a blade of grass close to the water’s edge. On the plant surface the cercaria takes on a round shape and secretes a protective cyst wall about itself. Transformation to the mature, infective metacercaria takes around 6 months. Transmission takes place when the definitive host (i.e., cow, sheep or human) ingests the infective metacercaria. Humans become infected whenever they partake of a watercress-metacercaria salad or ingest the parasite whenever biting away the skin of contaminated water chest nut. Later than it has entered the body of the definitive host, the metacercarial cyst wall is dissolved in the duodenum. The tiny larval fluke is discharged and starts its journey by penetrating the intestinal wall to enter the peritoneal cavity. It wanders around the peritoneal cavity until it reaches the surface of the liver. It damages the liver and migrates via the hepatic tissues for around a month until it reaches at bile ducts where growth into the sexually mature adult occurs. The adult fluke starts to lay his or her eggs (i.e., Fasciola is a hermaphrodite), 2 to 3 months from the time it was ingested as a metacercaria.

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Figure: Fasciola hepatica – egg

 

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