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  IgA and IgE

IgA and IgE:

Ig A:

Ig A is mostly found in secretions such as tears, milk, saliva and secretions of respiratory, intestinal and genital tracts. It protects the mucus membranes against microbial attack. Most of the microbes enter in the body via such mucus membranes and Ig A offers the primary line of defense. Each IgA molecule comprises of two H2L2 units and a J chain and a secretory component. The secretory component is a polypeptide synthesized by epithelial cells and it aids IgA to pass the mucosal surface, and resists digestion by intestinal digestive enzymes.

IgE:

IgE antibody is existed in increased amounts in allergic individuals. The Fc part of the molecule binds to mast cells and eosinophils. Whenever this antibody joins with its antigen on the mast cell surface, it leads to allergic response.

Beneficial role of IgE:

IgE plays a main role in the defense against parasitic worms. Parasites release big quantities of allergens in the gut. These stimulate production of IgE and IgG in gut related lymphoid tissue (i.e., GALT). Mast cells maturing in the GALT are sensitized with IgE. Such cells migrate to gut mucosa. They are triggered to liberate mediators which recruit eosinophils and neutrophils. Such cells can kill IgE or IgG coated worms by diversity of mechanisms

IgD:

IgD has no antibody function. It might act as antigen receptor on cells. In serum it is existed in only trace quantities.

 

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