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  Glycolysis

Glycolysis:

Glycolysis, the splitting of sugar to derive energy is a kind of catabolism of glucose broadly taking place in microorganisms, plants and animals. As glycolysis does not need the presence of oxygen it operates in both aerobic and anaerobic cells.

In glycolysis, the glucose is phosphorylated employing one Adenosine triphosphate (i.e., ATP) to form Glucose-6-phophate that is transformed to Fructose-6-phosphate then to Fructose 1,6-diphosphate employing another ATP molecule. Fructose 1,6-diphosphate, a six carbon compound is divide into  two – three carbon compounds namely, Dihydroxy acetone phosphate and Glyceraldelyde-3-phosphate.

Such two compounds are in equilibrium though the tendency is to swing towards the later. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidized to pyruvic acid via numerous intermediates. During this procedure two Adenosine diphosphate (i.e., ADP) molecules are transformed to ATP molecules per molecule of Glyceraldelyde-3-phosphate oxidized.

As two Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates (2 x 3 carbon) are created per molecule of glucose (6 carbon), oxidized 4 ATP molecules are synthesized whereas 2 ATP molecules are utilized in the synthesis of Fructose1,6-diphosphate from Glucose with a net outcome of 2 ATP molecules.

Therefore the overall reaction in glycolysis is:

1346_glycolysis.jpg

 

 

1151_glycolytic pathway.jpg


Figure: Glycolytic pathway of glucose metabolism (also termed as Embden-Meycerhof pathway subsequent to its discoverer).

 

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