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  Etiology

Etiology:

Lyme disease is caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi, spirochete. This spiral bacterium is termed after the discoverer, Willy Burgdorfer. This spirochete is 11to39 micrometers long and 0.3 to 0.4 micrometer wide. The spirochete is extremely flexible, has 7 to 11 flagella and moves by rotation and twisting. It can eagerly be stained by simple stains and Giemsa stain. They survive in liquid atmosphere like mud water or blood. It grows in BSK (i.e., Barber, Stonner and Kelly) medium. The organism possesses 3 to 7 plasmids, one of which codes for two main proteins 3lkDa OSP A protein and 34 kDa B proteins. Such proteins emerge to undergo antigenic variation throughout the course of infection.

Epidemiology:

Distribution:

Lyme disease has global distribution and is existed in USA, Japan, Eurasia, Australia and so on.

Vectors: 

Ixodid ticks act as vectors. Such include, I. pacificus, I. dammini, l. ricinus, I. persulcatus.

Reservoir animals:

Small mammals:

Wood mouse, black striped mouse, yellow necked field mouse, bank vole, edible dormouse, meadow vole, water shrew, pigmy shrew and ordinary shrew.

Medium size mammals:

Varying hare, Hedge hog, brown hare, black rat, brown rat, grey squirrel, red squirrel.

Birds:

Tree pipit, thrush nightingale, robin, blue throat, black cap, great tit, pheasant, redstart, white throat, wren, black bird, and song thrush.

Pathogenesis:

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Figure: Pathogenesis

Subsequent to inject into the skin, the spirochetes might migrate outward in the skin generating Erythema migrans. It might also spread hematogenously to other organs. It has been isolated from blood, skin, CSF, sinovial fluid, and also has been viewed in affected tissues.

 

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