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  Modulation

Introduction to Necessity of Modulation

In air the signal wave can travel just a short distance due to

1. While the signal travels in air, its extensity goes down.

2. The frequency of the signal waves is extremely small

But rather than signal wave the carrier wave can travel up to infinite distance. So the Transmission of intelligence (voice and video signals) is completed through sending the message on a carrier. Therefore the signal wave is superimposed on carrier wave and then they are transmitted in the space.

"The method of superimposing (mixing) signal wave on the carrier wave is termed as modulation".

In this means, a transmitter involves a signal producer, an oscillator, and a modulator. Oscillator is employed to generate carrier wave and the signal producer is employed to generate signal wave and the modulator is employed to generate modulated wave.

TYPES OF MODULATION

There are three type of modulation explained below:

1. Amplitude Modulation (AM)

2. Frequency Modulation (FM)

3. Phase Modulation (PM)

AMPLITUDE MODULATION

The process of modulation where the amplitude of carrier wave is change in Accordance with the amplitude of signal wave is termed as Amplitude modulation. It is employed in television and radio communications. In this type of modulation, the frequency of carrier wave is constant. The bandwidth of it is low.

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Figure: Amplitude Modulation

(i)signal (ii)carrier (iii)modulated wave

FREQUENCY MODULATION

The process of modulation where the frequency of carrier wave is change in accordance with the amplitude of signal wave is termed as frequency modulation. In this category of modulation, the amplitude of carrier wave is constant. It is employed in micro wave communication. The bandwidth of it is high.

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Figure: Frequency modulation

(i)signal (ii)carrier (iii)modulated wave

PHASE MODULATION

The process of modulation where the phase (pulse-time) of the carrier waves changed in accordance with the signal wave is termed as phase modulation. It is employed in remote control system.

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