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  Energy needed by bacteria

Energy needed by bacteria:

Energy is needed by bacteria for construction of wall or membrane, synthesis of the enzymes and other cellular components, for repair of harm if any, for growth and multiplication. Most cells achieve energy by carrying out chemical reactions which release energy. Light is a source of energy though this is transformed to chemical energy to be helpful for the cellular work. During chemical reactions energy is either liberated or absorbed and the quantum of energy liberated or taken up is the helpful energy and is termed to Free Energy Change (ΔG) of the reactions. This is represented in calories for convenience even however the force energy might be in the form of heat or chemical energy. Chemical reaction shall be either which liberates energy (i.e., exergonic reaction) or needs energy (i.e., endergonic reaction) that is expressed by negative and positive value correspondingly. Since concentration of reactants affects the value of ΔG and for purpose of valid comparisons of energetic of various reactions, standard concentration of all reactants is supposed as 1.0.M.

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Figure: Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids & proteins

The free energy change (ΔG) beneath standard concentration is termed as (ΔGo) that is the quantity of free energy liberated or absorbed whenever 1 mole of the reactant is transformed to 1 mole of the product at 25oC and one atmosphere of pressure where all reactants or products are maintained 1.0 M concentration. The (ΔGo) at pH is 7 designated as (ΔGo).

In a series of reactions energy produced by a reaction can be employed to drive other reaction requiring energy. Living organisms contain exergonic reactions coupled with endergonic reactions via common reactant to carry on life. The common reactant is termed as energy rich or energy transfer compound.

 

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