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  Composting methods

Composting methods:

Compost is stated as the mixture of decayed organic matter, manure and so on, added to soil to enhance the growth of plants. Usually, two techniques are utilized for making compost.

 

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Primary method:

A compost pit is dug close to the cattle shed. Usually pits of 3x6x6 are made for compost making. The plant residues are spread into the cattle shed to make a bed for the cattle. By this procedure, the plant materials are wetted by the excreta. Such wet materials are then eliminated from the cattle sheds all along with animal’s excreta and spread in the compost pit. The waste materials are added up to 3 feet from the bottom of the pit. Above this layer adequate quantity of cattle dung is spread and water is sprinkled over such layers. The cattle dung might be added to the pit until the layer reaches 1 foot over the ground level. Proper turning of such residues at regular intervals of 10 days provides superior quality of compost within 8 weeks. This is an aerobic technique.

Secondary method:

It is the other technique of composting. For this technique, the area selected should be away from cities and also it must be waste land.  In this technique of composting, trenches of 4.5 to 10 meter long, 1.5 to 2.5 meter wide and 1 meter deep are dug. The trenches are filled with alternative layers of decline and black soil. The height of the top layers must be around 250 mm in thickness and the layer must be of declines. Then the refuse layer is covered with black soil. The layer of black soil is around 50 mm in thickness. Owing to the anaerobic action of microbes, the temperature of the refuses raises up to 70°C within 7 days. The heat will persist in the compost mass for 2-3 weeks. The heat aids the anaerobic decomposition of wastes into compost.  It also kills every pathogenic microorganisms existed in the waste. As an outcome, good quality of compost is made within 4 months.

 

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