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  Adhesins

Adhesins:

As the primary phase of the pathogenic process, bacteria adhere to mucous surfaces, like those of epithelial cells of the respiratory, alimentary and urogenital tracts, with the help of adhesins. Fimbriae or pili. Their role in pathogenesis was established whenever it was shown that adhesion to epithelial cells of the gut was necessary for the production and absorption of the enterotoxins of E. coli. Other fimbrial colonization factors have since been explained in strains responsible for diarrhoea in different mammals, involving humans. Fimbrial adhesins have been explained in gonococci and meningococci. The flagella of the vibrio cholerae might also be looked upon as a virulence factor, enabling the organism to penetrate the mucous layer to reach the epithelial surface. Other protein adhesins related with virulence are found in the outer cell membrane, where they are closely related with the lipopolysaccharide. It is true of strains of Shigella and Shigella-like strains of E. coli that attack and kill gut epithelial cells. Most of the protein adhesins, whether fimbrial or outer membrane have confirmed to be encoded on plasmids; indeed this property facilitated their identification. Adhesion of S. pyogenes to pharyngeal epithelial cells is mediated by lipoteichoic acids joined to the cell membrane though protruding to the cell surface and fibronectin is the receptor for such.

 

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