The Uncertainty Principle

The Uncertainty Principle:

The velocity and position of the bodies that we come across in our daily life can be determined precisely at a specific instant of time. Therefore the path or trajectories of such bodies can be predicted. Although, Werner Heisenberg in the year 1927 indicated that we can never measure concurrently and precisely both the position and velocity (or momentum) of a microscopic particle as small as an electron. Therefore, it is not possible to speak of trajectory of an electron. Such principle, which is a direct outcome of the dual nature of matter and radiation, states that, “it is not possible to measure concurrently both the position and velocity (or momentum) of a microscopic particle with absolute precision or certainty.”

Mathematically, uncertainty principle can shown as follows:

1673_uncertainity principle.jpg

Here,

Δx = uncertainity in the position of particle and
Δp = uncertainity in the momentum of particle.

The sign ≥ means that the product of Δx and Δp can either be greater than or equivalent to h/4π though can never be less than h/4π.

 

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