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  Plant growth

Plant growth:

Growth is one of the very basic and conspicuous features of living organisms. Growth might be described like an irreversible increase in weight, mass, and size of living organisms. In several cases, it results in raise in dry weight and the quantity of protoplasm. Growth in higher plants involves cell division, differentiation and enlargement. Rise in the number and size of cells through itself cannot responsible for the development of an organized plant. For instance, while a seed is sown, it does not turn into a larger seed but it grows up like a seedling. So, growth is all the time accompanied via differentiation. Differentiation is the conversion of similar cells into dissimilar tissues. Depending on the several structural, functional and physiological requirements of the plant the tissues are of dissimilar types. Differentiation and growth both results in development that leads to gross form of the plant. Meristematic cells exists in the plant body that is., root, shoot apices, and the cambium are accountable for growth in plants.

Phases of growth:

The growth in length of the plant is because of the meristematic activity of the apical meristems which occurs in the root and shoots apices. While increment in thickness of stem and root is because of the activity of lateral meristem. You have already seen before about dissimilar kinds of meristems. The period of growth is usually categorized into three phases that are as follow:

1. Formation,
2. Elongation and
3. Maturation.

In the first phase that is formation; new cells are continuously created through the apical meristem. In the second phase that is termed as elongation, the newly created cells enlarge in size.  In the third phase that is termed as maturation cells start maturing to achieve permanent size and form. The plant growth’s rate is slow in the primary stages and this phase is termed as lag phase. It is followed by a fast growth phase termed as log phase. In the third that is the final phases, the growth slows down and the organism keeps the size it has already acquired. This phase is termed as stationary phase or steady state phase. The growth in size or increment in number of cells if plotted against time the graph displays ‘S’ shaped curve termed as sigmoid growth curve as displayed in the below diagram.

1964_sigmoid curve.jpg

                                                                Diagram: Sigmoid curve

In the annual plants the last phase that is steady state phase is followed through senescence that is arrest of growth and death.  Though, in the case of large trees every growing season shows a sigmoidal pattern of growth.

 

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