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  Meristematic tissue

Introduction to Meristematic tissue

A meristematic tissue (meristos = divisible) is a group of similar cells which are in a continuous state of division.  A number of cells generated through meristematic tissue stop dividing and obtain definite changes to become permanent tissues of the plant. This change from meristematic to permanent tissue is termed as differentiation. The remaining cells in the meristem keep the meristematic activity of them.  Meristematic cells are self-perpetuating.

Characteristics of meristematic cells

The meristematic cells might be in shape round, oval, polygonal or rectangular.  They are arranged closely with no intercellular spaces.  They comprise dense cytoplasm along with large nucleus.  They comprise smaller vacuoles that are scattered during the cytoplasm.  The cell walls of them are thin, elastic and composed of cellulose.

Classification of meristem

Classification is based on its position; the meristem is categorized into three types -

1. Apical meristem,

2. Intercalary meristem and

3. Lateral meristem.

Apical meristem

Apical meristem is set up at the tips of roots, stem and branches.  It is accountable for enhance in length of plant.  It is separated into three zones -

1. Protoderm,

2. Procambium and

3. Ground meristem. 

Protoderm provides rise to epidermal tissue; procambium provides rise to primary vascular tissues and ground meristem provides rise to cortex and pith.

Intercalary meristem

It is exists in the nodal region and is highly found in monocotyledons, example Grasses. Like the name points out, it is present in among the permanent tissues.  It is imitative from the apical meristem and is accountable for the elongation of internodes.

Lateral meristem

The meristem which is exists along the longitudinal axis of stem and root is termed as lateral meristem.  Vascular cambium and cork cambium (phellogen) are instances for lateral meristem.   It generates secondary permanent tissues that result in the thickening of stem and root.

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Diagram: L.S of shoot - showing the positions of meristems

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