Parasitic plants

Parasitic plants:

A number of plants get their nourishments from another living plants or animals. They are known as parasitic plants. The plants/animals by which the parasites get their nourishments are known as hosts. Parasites comprise some special roots that penetrate the host plants and absorb food from the phloem, water and minerals from xylem. These roots are known as haustoria.

Parasitic angiosperms are of 2 sorts. They are

1. Total parasites and
2. Partial parasites.

A number of plants completely lack chlorophyll and do not grow up in the soil.  Hence, it is entirely dependent on the host stem for organic food materials, minerals and water. They are termed as total parasites.

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                                                         Diagram: Total parasite example Cuscuta

Example: Cuscuta. Cuscuta comprises thin, pale yellow and leafless stem. It twines around the stem of the host and sends haustoria in it to absorb nourishments.

A number of plants absorb only water and mineral salts from the stem of host plant. They can make their own food because of the existence of green leaves. The haustoria of these plants contain connection only along with the xylem of the host to absorb water and mineral salts. These plants are termed as partial parasites. Example: Viscum.

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                                                        Diagram: Partial parasite eg. Viscum

 

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