Commonly Available Medicinal Plants

Commonly Available Medicinal Plants:

1. Acalypha indica:

It is related to Euphorbiaceae. Its vernacular name is in tamil is kuppaimeni, poonamayakki and the trade name of it is Indian Acalypha. It is a general herb growing upto 75 cm tall with ovate leaves. Flowers are unisexual, green that found in catkin inflorescence.

The paste acquired from the leaves of this plant is useful to burns. The juice taken out from the leaves mixed along with lime and applied on skin to treat diseases that are caused through the ringworms. Fresh juice of leaves mixed along with oil and salt is employed for Rheumatoid arthritis and to treat scabies. Powdered leaves are employed to treat bedsores and infected wounds. The active medicinal compounds such as Acalyphine and Triacetoneamine are taken out from this plant. They consist of cyanogenic glucoside and alkaloids.

2. Aegle marmelos:

It is related to Rutaceae. The vernacular name of it is in tamil, is vilvam. The trade name of it is baer fruit. It is an aromatic tree growing up 6 to 7.5 metres tall along with long branches. Bark is grey along with peeling type. Leaves are trifoliate/pentafoliate. Leaflets are ovate. Flowers are sweet fragrance along with greenish white in color and are borne on axillary panicles. Coumarin, Marmelosin, and triterpenoids are accountable for medicinal activity.

The immature fruit is employed to cure problems of stomach indigestion. It kills intestinal parasites. It is employed also to treat chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. It is employed like a tonic for the betterment of heart and brain.

3. Cissus quadrangularis:

It is related to Vitaceae. The vernacular name of it in tamil is as pirandai and the trade name of it is ‘Hadjor’ – bone joiner. It is a general shrub with tendrils. The stem of it is angular, winged and contracted at nodes.

Its leaves are simple, ovate or kidney shaped and thick leathery. Coiled tendrils are originated opposite to the leaves. Steroids such as presence and tetracyclic triterpenoids are the active chemicals available in this plant.

The paste acquired from the powdered stem and root of this plant is employed in bone fractures. Complete plant is helpful to treat asthma and stomach troubles. Stem is helpful in the treatment of piles and its juice is employed to treat bleeding of nose.

4. Mimosa pudica:

It is related to Mimosaceae. The vernacular name of it in Tamil is ‘Thottal chinungi or Thottal surungi’. The common English name of it is Touch-Me-Not plant.  It is a little herb with prickles that are erect or curved.   Leaflets are arranged in two rows consisting of 15 to 20 pairs. Leaves are responsive to touch. Flowers are pink and available in axillary heads.

A decoction of the root acquired from this plant is employed to relieve asthma and diarrhoea. This plant is as well helpful for curing piles, small skin wounds and whooping cough. Mimosine, an alkaloid is taken out from this plant.

5. Solanum nigrum:

It is related to Solanaceae. The vernacular name of it in tamil is manithakkali or manathakkali. The trade name of it is black night shade.  It is an erect, annual, much branched and unarmed herb growing equal to one metre tall. Leaves are ovate with no hairs.  Flowers white borne on additional axillary cymes.  Fruits of it are globose and black coloured berry.

The take out of this herb is efficient in the treatment of liver disorders such as cirrhosis of liver. This plant also treats fever, dysentery and promotes urination. Active medicinal compounds such as solanin and saponin are taken out from this plant.

 

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