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  Organ of Corti

Organ of Corti:

Situated on the basilar membrane is the Organ of Corti that contains the auditory receptors. Four rows of hair cells occur from the basilar membrane.

The organ was termed after the Italian anatomist Marquis Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti, who executed microscopic research of mammalian auditory system.

The organ of Corti contain highly specialized structures which respond to fluid-borne vibrations in the cochlea with a shearing vector in the hairs of several cochlear hair cells. It has 15,000-20,000 auditory nerve receptors. Each and every receptor has its own hair cell. The shear on the hairs opens non-selective transduction ion channels which are permeable to calcium and potassium, leading to hair cell plasma membrane depolarization, the activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels at synaptic basolateral pole of the cells that triggers vesicle exocytosis and liberation of glutamate neurotransmitter to the synaptic cleft and electrical signaling to the auditory cortex through spiral ganglion neurons. The pinna and middle ear perform as mechanical transformers and amplifiers, and hence by the time sound waves reach the organ of Corti, their pressure amplitude is 22-times that of the air impinging on pinna.

 

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