Introduction to Bentham and Hooker's classification of plants
It is a natural system of classification and is relies on significant characters of the plants. Yet today this system is being followed in United Kingdom (UK) and various other Commonwealth countries. It is also employed in several herbaria and botanical gardens all across the world. It is a well recognized and extensively accepted classification of seeded plants. It was planned through two English botanists George Bentham (from 1800- to 1884) and Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (from 1817- to 1911). The system of classification of them was introduced in 'Genera Plantarum' in three volumes and they had explained 97,205 species of seeded plants in 202 orders (now considered to as families). In classification of plants of Bentham and Hooker, the current day 'orders' were considered to as 'cohorts' and 'families' as 'orders'.
The seeded plants are categorized into 3 classes - Dicotyledon, Gymnosperm and Monocotyledon.
Class I Dicotyledon
Seeds of dicotyledonous plants consist of two cotyledons. Leaves depict reticulate venation. Flowers are tetramerous / pentamerous comprising four or five members in several floral whorls correspondingly. It involves three sub-categories - Gamopetalae, Polypetalae, and Monochlamydeae.
Sub-class I Polypetalae
Plants comprising flowers along with free petals come within polypetalae. The flowers are with different calyx and corolla. Polypetalae is additional divided into 3 series - Thalamiflorae, Disciflorae and Calyciflorae.
Series (i) Thalamiflorae
It involves plants comprising flowers with dome or conical thalamus. Ovary is superior. Thalamiflorae involves 6 orders and 34 families. The family Malvaceae is located in the order Malvales.
Series (ii) Disciflorae
It involves flowers comprising prominent disc shaped thalamus below the ovary. Ovary is superior. Disciflorae is separated into 4 orders and 23 families.
Series (iii) Calyciflorae
It involves plants comprising flowers with cup shaped thalamus. Ovary is superior or inferior sometimes half inferior. Calyciflorae involves 5 orders and 27 families.
Sub-class 2. Gamopetalae
Plants comrising flowers with petals that are either partially or totally fused to one another are located under Gamopetalae. The sepals and petals are different. Gamopetalae is further categorized into three series - Inferae, Heteromerae and Bicarpellatae.
Series (i) Inferae
The flowers are epigynous and ovary is inferior. Inferae involves 3 orders and 9 families.
Series (ii) Heteromerae
The flowers are hypogynous and ovary is better with more than two carpels. Heteromerae involves 3 orders and 12 families.
Series (iii) Bicarpellatae
The flowers are hypogynous and ovary is superior with two carpels only. Bicarpellatae involves 4 orders and 24 families. The family Solanaceae is positioned in the order Polemoniales.
Sub-class 3. Monochlamydeae
Plants comprising flowers with single whorl of perianth are positioned under Monochlamydeae. Flowers are incomplete. The sepals and petals are not differentiated and they are called perianth. Tepals are exists in two whorls. Occasionally both the wholrs are not present. Monochlamydeae involves 8 series and 36 families. The family Euphorbiaceae is positioned in the series Unisexuales.
Class II Gymnospermae
The members of Gymnospermae class have naked ovules or seeds. Ovary is not present and gymnospermae involves three families - Gnetaceae, Coniferae and Cycadaceae.
Flowchart: Outline of Bentham and Hooker's classificiation of plants
Class III Monocotyledon
Seeds of monocotyledonous plants consist of only one cotyledon. Leaves depict parallel venation. Flowers are trimerous comprising three members in several floral whorls. The plants contain fibrous root system. The Monocotyledon includes 7 series and 34 families. The family Musaceae is positioned in the series Epigynae.
Latest technology based Biology Online Tutoring Assistance
Tutors, at the www.tutorsglobe.com, take pledge to provide full satisfaction and assurance in Bentham and Hooker Classification of Plants homework help via online tutoring. Students are getting 100% satisfaction by online tutors across the globe. Here you can get homework help for Bentham and Hooker Classification of Plants, project ideas and tutorials. We provide email based Bentham and Hooker Classification of Plants homework help. You can join us to ask queries 24x7 with live, experienced and qualified online tutors specialized in Bentham and Hooker Classification of Plants. Through Online Tutoring, you would be able to complete your homework or assignments at your home. Tutors at the TutorsGlobe are committed to provide the best quality online tutoring assistance for Biology homework help and assignment help services. They use their experience, as they have solved thousands of the Biology assignments, which may help you to solve your complex issues of Bentham and Hooker Classification of Plants. TutorsGlobe assure for the best quality compliance to your homework. Compromise with quality is not in our dictionary. If we feel that we are not able to provide the homework help as per the deadline or given instruction by the student, we refund the money of the student without any delay.
tutorsglobe.com lipids assignment help-homework help by online nutrition tutors
tutorsglobe.com cell structure and pigmentation assignment help-homework help by online algae tutors
Whatever be the method employed, the drying-out operation should be carried on until the transformer oil samples from the top and bottom of the tank depict high di-electric strength and the windings high insulation resistance.
Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Spectroscopy tutorial all along with the key concepts of NMR Spectroscopy, Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Chemical Shift and NMR Spectrometers
is biophysics assignment driving you insane? avail biophysics assignment help from qualified tutors at viable rates and secure a++!
www.tutorsglobe.com offers cardinality and modality homework help, assignment help, case study, writing homework help, online tutoring assistance by computer science tutors.
Mutation tutorial all along with the key concepts of Causes of mutation, Spontaneous mutation, Induced mutation, Classifying Mutations, Structural Effects, Functional Effects, Harmful mutations and Beneficial Mutations
Reproduction in Animals tutorial all along with the key concepts of Types of Reproduction, Sexual Reproduction, Asexual Reproduction, Reproduction in Vertebrates, Reproduction in Fish, Reproduction in the Amphibia, Reproduction in Reptiles, Reproduction in Mammals.
reactivity of alkaline earth metals tutorial all along with the key concepts of thermal stability of oxy salts, rock salt structure, wurtzite structure, beryllium hydride polymer
Theory and lecture notes of Introduction of Budget Balance all along with the key concepts of Introduction of Budget Balance, national debt, investment, homework help, assignment help. Tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on Budget Balance.
Thermal Properties tutorial all along with the key concepts of Heat capacity, Density of state, Debye model, Einstein model and Thermal conductivity
tutorsglobe.com laboratory diagnosis of typhoid assignment help-homework help by online salmonella tutors
Cost Audit - the verification of cost accounts and a check on the observance to cost accounting plan. So, cost audit includes-checking up the arithmetical accuracy of cost accounts and verifying whether the standards that are laid down have been followed or not.
Amino Acids tutorial all along with the key concepts of Occurrence of Amino Acids in Nature, Basic Structure of Amino Acids, D- and L-Configurations of Amino acids and Structures of Some Amino Acids
Feeding Relationships in Ecology tutorial all along with the key concepts of Autotrophs and Heterotrophs, Trophic Levels, Food Chain, Food webs and Ecological Pyramids
1964293
Questions Asked
3689
Tutors
1448614
Questions Answered
Start Excelling in your courses, Ask an Expert and get answers for your homework and assignments!!