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  Surface tension

Surface tension:

A molecule in the liquid mass (a) is pulled consistently on all the sides through intermolecular forces. However a surface molecule (b) suffers a much greater intermolecular attraction in the direction of the interior of the liquid as compared towards the vapour phase, since fewer molecules are exist in the vapour phase. The surplus amount of inward force on the surface layer accounts for the surface tension. Surface tension (ϒ) is described like the force acting perpendicularly inwards on the surface layer of a liquid to pull the surface molecules of it in the direction of the interior of the liquid mass.

Factors affecting surface tension

1. Density:

Macloed’s equation connects surface tension to the density of the liquid (ρ) and that of the vapour (ρ’) of it.

ϒ ∞ (ρ- ρ’)2

28_density.jpg


  

                                         Diagram: Unequal force of attraction experienced by a surface molecule

2. Temperature:

Temperature and surface tension are oppositely associated to each other. When the temperature of the liquid gets increased, the surface tension gets decreased and becomes 0 at the critical temperature.

3. Solutes:

Solutes which enter the liquid increase the surface tension of the solvent, when solutes which concentrate on the surface lower the surface tension.

 

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